Ingliz tili I fakulteti

Amir Temur – founder of the centralized state

The political and economic condition of the 60s of the XIV century required the unification of the country into a single strong state. Amir Temur understood this demand of the time better than anyone. He therefore proceeded to the formation of a centralized state relying on the troops, the clergy, merchants and artisans. The implementation of this goal he began with the pacification of the rebellious amirs and the elimination of the most powerful and dangerous enemies.

The main battle between Amir Temur and Amir Hussein took place in April 1370, after a two-day siege on April 10, the city of Balkh was taken, and Amir Hussein was executed. On April 11, 1370, a Kurultai was held, which was attended by amirs and beks of Chigatay ulus, dorugs of provinces and regions, friends of Amir Temur and his spiritual mentor Sayid Baraka. Kurultai officially recognized Amir Temur and appointed him as the ruler of Transoxiana.

Amir Temur started his activity with strengthening the economy and internal policy in the state. In July 1370, a Kurultai was held in Samarkand, to which all the amirs and chiefs of the Transoxiana tribes were invited, except for the ruler of Shibirgan, Amir Zinda Chashma. The leaders of the Turkic-Mongol tribes of Mesopotamia and all the amirs recognized the power of Amir Temur. Samarkand was declared as the capital of the state. Amir Temur implemented a number of laws to restore internal order in the country. He also createed a reliable guard, giving it greater powers. Amir Temur appointed Ardasher Kavchin, Jaka Barlas, Iskander Alam Sheikh, Usman Abbas, Saifiddin Barlos and others as the leaders of these large military units. Experienced warriors were appointed military leaders. In 1370, Shibirgan was conquered. Zinda Chashma joined the service of Amir Temur.

To liberate the Eastern territories from Mongol influence, Amir Temur made several campaigns in East Turkestan, defeated the khans of mogolistan and annexed the Ferghana valley, Otrar, Yasi (Turkestan) and Sairam to his possessions. The amirs of Hisar, Badakhshan, and Kunduz recognized the authority of Amir Temur. In 1381, he captured Herat, Seistan, and Mazendaran. The cities of Sarakhs, jam, Kavsia, and Sabzevar surrendered without a fight and came under the command of Amir Temur. Thus, he united the whole of Transoxiana and Khorasan.

At this time, independent Khorezm was located between the state of Amir Temur and the Golden Horde. Since ancient times, associated with Maverannakhra common economic and cultural interests in Khorezm, the Mongols were divided into two parts: Northern Khorezm center in Urgench became part of the Golden Horde, and the southern with its capital in Kate — ulus Cigala. In the late 60-ies of the XIV

During the unrest in the Golden Horde, the Sufis of Kungirat restored the independent power of the new dynasty in Northern Khorezm. Then, having won Kat and Khiva, he joined the Northern and South Khorezm. Amir Timur regarded Khwarezm an integral part of the ulus of Chigatay. Therefore, he planned to Annex Khorezm to his possessions. In 1370, Amir Temur founded a centralized state.

Amir Temur, combining Transoxiana, Khorasan and Khorezm, created a large centralized state. This Association played a positive role in the history of the peoples who inhabited this region.