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Amir Temur's entry into the sphere of political struggle
In the 50s of the XIV century, internecine wars intensified in Transoxiana. This situation was taken advantage by the khans of Mogolistan. Tughluk Temur attacked Transoxiana twice in 1360-1361. The amirs of Transoxiana, instead of uniting and resisting the invader, left the country. The ruler of Kesh-Amir Temur's uncle-Amir Haji Barlas fled to Khorasan. Twenty-four-year-old Amir Temur chose a different path. To protect his people and possessions from the Mongols, he entered into negotiations with the Khan of Mogolistan. By order of the Khan, he was appointed as daruga (ruler) of the Kesh region.
During the period of political tension, when the issue of the struggle for the independence of the state became acute, Amir Temur entered the political sphere. Later, Temurbek explained that to protect the population from the Mongol devastation, such an action was more important than the actions of a 100-thousand-strong army.
Amir Temur refused to serve Ilyaskhoja and has allied with the rightful heir to the throne of Maverraunnahr — the ruler of Balkh, Amir Hussein, to fight against the Mongols. In 1363, they defeated a common enemy on the left Bank of the Amu Darya near the city of Kunduz. The next two years, the allies repeatedly fought against the troops "jet", which was headed by Jashoda. At the end of 1364, they managed to drive the Mongols out of Transoxiana.
But Ilyaskhodzha did not want to admit his defeat and in the spring of 1365 again took a campaign to Transoxiana. The battle of the two amirs with the Khan took place on may 22, 1365 between Tashkent and Chinaz, on the Bank of the Chirchik. In history, this battle was called "Jangi Loy" (Battle in the mud), because during the battle it rained heavily and the battlefield turned into a mess, even the horses got bogged down in the mud.
Amir Temur's troops fought heroically, and when they crushed the enemy from the right flank, Hussein, instead of supporting Temur from the left flank, left the battlefield. Amir Temur suffered from heavy losses and was forced to retreat. After this victory Jashoda without hindrance, captured Khujand, and Dzhizak and moved to Samarkand. Left without a garrison or military leaders, the poorly fortified city was defenseless. The defense of Samarkand was taken over by the civilian population. This is a popular movement for a long time against the Mongol invaders, went down in history under the name of the Movement of Sarbedaran. The sarbadar movement was originated in the 60s of the XIV century in Transoxiana and was directed against the Mongol yoke. The movement was led by Mudarris: Mavlansada Samarkandi, craftsman Abu Bakr Calavi, a skilled shooter Hordaki Bukhari. In Samarkand, the Sarbadars dealt a crushing blow to the Mongols. In addition, the Illyaskhodja troops began to suffer from a plague of horses. The Mongols were forced to retreat from Samarkand, and then leave the borders of Transoxiana altogether. The people's power was being established in the city and some reforms were being carried out. Notable people are especially persecuted, their property is confiscated and distributed to the poor. This leads to a sharp dissatisfaction with the nobility. As a result, the power of the people is established in Samarkand.
News about the victory of Samarkand, led by Sarbadars over Ilyaskhodja reaches Amir Temur and Amir Hussein. In the spring of 1366 both of them marched on Samarkand and stayed in the area of Kanigel. They began negotiations with the sarbadar leaders. On the first day they did honor. However, the next day, in the absence of Amir Temur, Amir Hussein decided to execute them without agreement, and Abu Bakr Kului and Khordaki Bukhari were hanged, but only Mavlansada was saved as Amir Temur arrived. Thus, the movement of the Sarbadars was stopped. Amir Hussein's rule is being established in Transoxiana. After some time, relations between the amirs escalated. In 1366-1370 there were several armed conflicts between them.
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