Ingliz tili I fakulteti

Musical Art. At the beginning of the XIII century, musical art was further developed. Holidays, weddings, personal folk festivals were held with music and songs. During this period, musicians were widely used are the string and wind instruments as the ud, tanbur, rubab, nay, surnay, karnay, and koshny.

Based on folk tunes created melodies "Growth", "Khusravoni", "Boda", "Ushshok", "Zerafkanda", "Buslik", "Navo", "Basta", "Tarona", later became the basis of the classic "Shashmakom". Musical art developed in an inextricable connection with poetry, at the same time the foundations of musicology were laid.

Religion. In the thirteenth century, Islam played an important role in spiritual life. During this period, Islam, widely spread in the East, became one of the world's religions and took an important place in the lives of peoples. People of Maverannahr, who converted to Islam, began to comply with all Sharia laws and learn Arabic language and writings. Cathedral mosques and madrassas were built in major cities.

In the 12th century, a specialized Madrasah for lawyers was built in the mahalla of Darvoz and Mansur in Bukhara. In higher educational institutions, much attention was paid to traditional Islamic education, which includes fundamental knowledge of the Qur'an, Hadith, and Arabic. For in-depth study of Islam, the main sources were considered to be "Tafsir" - comments on the Koran and fiqh-the science of Islamic jurisprudence.

Bukhara became a center of the development and promotion of Islam, many well-known scientists and imams educated in madrassah. Due to this, starting from the IX century, Bukhara was given the name Kubbat al-Islam — the Dome of Islam.

Sufism spread widely in the medieval Muslim East. This doctrine first appeared in Iraq in the middle of the eighth century.

The basis of this teaching was human activity and its improvement. Various directions appeared in the regions of Maverannahr. In the 12th century, the yassaviya doctrine was born in Turkestan, in the end of the 12th century in Khorezm — Kubro-viya, in the XIV century in Bukhara — Naqshbandiya.

The essence of the teachings of yassaviya based on the poet Ahmad Yassavi, outlined in his famous "the Couch Hikmatov". Ahmad Yassawi believed that without observing Sharia, there can be no improvement, without improvement there can be no education, without education there can be no justice, and one complements the other. Yassavi put forward the idea that the true path to perfection is through asceticism and renunciation of earthly pleasure. Perfection is achieved only by those who can give up pleasure, endure hardships on the way to obedience, and work selflessly.

* Sufism is a teaching that calls on Muslims to be honest, clean, and equal, to preserve universal values, and to work without exploiting others.

Another famous representative of Sufism was Najmiddin Kubro (1145-1221). In Khorezm, he founded school and began teaching Kubrawiya.

Kubravia doctrine differs from the teachings of yassaviya that denies asceticism. Kubro put forward the idea that in the process of painstaking work leading to perfection, it is not forbidden to use the benefits of life and pleasures. Kubrovia's teaching contains a great love for the people and the motherland.

In the XIV century, the Naqshbandi doctrine appeared in Transoxiana. Its founder was Bahouddin Naqshband.

Currently, the works of Ahmad Yassavi, Bahouddin Naqshband, Najmiddin Kubro are widely published. Having achieved perfection on the basis of Islamic ideology and Sufism, they left an indelible mark on history.