Ingliz tili I fakulteti

On the way to improve the country

To increase the glory and greatness of his state, Amir Temur paid much attention to the improvement of the Central part of Transoxiana, especially its capital, Samarkand. Each of his victories and significant events was immortalized by the construction of memorial monuments. For this purpose, builders-masons were sent here from India, from Shiraz, Isfahan, Damascus and other cities, famous masters who built beautiful structures, local skilled craftsmen also worked with them. A Mosque in Tabriz, a Palace in Shiraz, a Madrasa in Baghdad, and the Mausoleum of Ahmad Yassawi in Turkestan were built under Amir Temur reign.

Completely destroyed under the Mongols, Samarkand is reborn again during the reign of Amir Temur. New Samarkand was surrounded by a strong fortified wall, which had six gates: Ahonen, Sheykhzade, Chorsu, Karishok, Suzangaron and Feruza. The residence of Amir Temur — palaces Koksaray and Bustonsaray was built in the citadel of the city. Koksaray was a four-story domed building, the portal, arch and walls of which were covered with colorful mosaic tiles and blue majolica, hence the name — Koksaray (Blue Palace). In Koksarai, the ceremony of enthronement was held, when the ruler was solemnly seated on a kind of stone throne — Koktash (blue stone), covered with white felt. In addition, the citadel housed the state divans (chambers), Armory and Arsenal, mint and prison.

Palaces, mosques, madrassas, and mausoleums were built in Samarkand. Gardens were created outside the city. The Spanish Ambassador Rui Gonzales de Clavijo, who visited Samarkand in 1404, was struck by the scope of Amir Temur's construction work.

The suburbs of Samarkand had a great recreation area with amazing nature. During this period Samarkand was surrounded by gardens and palaces. Poetic names were given to these gardens— Bog’i Dilkusha (Joy of the souls), Bog’i Chinar (Plane trees Garden), Bog’i Bihisht (garden of Eden), Bog’i Baland (High garden), Dawlatabad (Public garden), Bog’i Naw (New garden), Bog’i Shamal (Garden of wind), Bog’i of Jahannam (Sad mirror of the world), Bog’i Maydon. There were two types of gardens. In the gardens of the first type there were Palace buildings of rectangular shape, each side of which reached about 1 km. Gardens of the second type were laid out in natural thickets and groves and were intended for hunting.

In the Eastern part of the city was Bagi Dilkusho. In the outer courtyard of the garden was built a magnificent Palace, guarded by armed guards. Six elephant sculptures stood on a raised platform in the courtyard. In the third courtyard was the Golden throne residence, where Amir Temur received guests, including de Clavijo. Other gardens were distinguished by their exquisite originality.

Samarkand was a major trading center. Minerals were brought here from Khorasan, rubies and diamonds from hind and sind, satins, tea, diamonds, spices and other goods from China, and gold and silver from other countries. In his diary, Clavijo noted that when he was in Samarkand, a trading caravan of 800 loaded camels came from the capital of China.

Amir Temur and his deputies ensured the security of trade on the great silk road, which runs from China and India through Central Asia to the middle East and European countries, and promoted the development of trade, monetary and diplomatic relations between East and West. This strengthened the external economic and diplomatic ties of Amir Temur's state.