Levels of education Within the framework of the International Standard
Classification of Education (ISCED), levels of
education are an ordered set of categories, intended to
group educational programmes in relation to
gradations of learning experiences and the knowledge,
skills and competencies which each programme is
designed to impart. Levels of education are therefore
a construct based on the assumption that education
programmes can be grouped into an ordered series of
categories. These categories represent broad steps of
educational progression in terms of the complexity of
39
educational content. The more advanced the
programme, the higher the level of education. The
ISCED 2011 classification consists of nine levels of
education, namely: early childhood education (level 0);
primary education (level 1); lower secondary education
(level 2); upper secondary education (level 3); postsecondary non-tertiary education (level 4); short-cycle
tertiary education (level 5); bachelor’s or equivalent
level (level 6); master’s or equivalent level (level 7);
doctor or equivalent level (level 8). (Source:UIS 2012).
See also ‘ISCED’.
|
|
|
|
Life skills Originally defined by the World Health Organization as
a group of psychosocial competencies and
interpersonal skills that help people make informed
decisions, solve problems, think critically and
creatively, communicate effectively, build healthy
relationships, empathize with others, and cope with
and manage their lives in a healthy and productive
manner. Life skills are not normally seen as a domain,
or a subject, but as cross-cutting applications of
knowledge, skills, values and attitudes which are
important in the process of individual development and
lifelong learning. They are not just a set of skills, nor
are they equal to survival skills, livelihood skills, or
vocational skills but are part of these skills. (Source:
UNESCO 2004a). In some cases the term is used as
an equivalent of key competencies/skills, and in certain
contexts it is used to indicate a subject area. For
UNICEF life skills are part of a rights-based approach
to learning. Children are fundamentally entitled to
quality education that respects their dignity and
expands their abilities to live a life they value and to
transform the societies in which they live. Child-friendly
schools promote and enhance life skills.
See also ‘Child-friendly environment’.
|
|
|
|
|
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |