Table 7.3: The functional categories of vocatives
2
Category
Definition
Relational
Vocatives whose primary function is to establish and/or maintain social
relations rather than transmit information or services. It includes compliments
and other positive face boosters; general evaluations; phatic exchanges and
ritualistic offers and thanks.
Topic management
Any utterance or set of utterances that launch, expand, shift, change or close a
topic. Included here also is what McCarthy and O’Keeffe (p. 162) have
termed
topic validation
, whereby a speaker calls on another conversational
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