(5.12 SC)
I‟d tackies
8
on though.
Had you?
Mm.
They
stop <$O> hordes of people <\$O>.
<$O> Shur there‟s no <\$O> running shoes.
No.
They’re
full of rubbish though. They stop hordes of people and
they
say
lads members only and while
they’re
talkin to them we‟d all walk around
the other side and walk in like.
Mm.
Did the other people that
they
stopped not go like you know.
Yeah but the= or
they
often say members and regulars. But a bouncer
would just turn around to you if you said anything like that and go
they’re
members.
Mm. Because one night we were goin right and we got stopped. Another
two got in in front of us and we said “What?” “Oh
they’re
gold cards.”
In this extract,
they
is used to refer to two out-groups. One of these, for example,
They stop hordes of people
, refers to the security outside the nightclub. The other
they
reference,
they’re members
and
they’re gold cards
, is used to index patrons of
the nightclub that gained entry when the family members did not. In both SettCorp
and TravCorp this use of
they*
to refer to out-groups is less frequent than its use to
refer to people and objects in the immediate context of conversation. In SettCorp,
38.5% of the occurrences of
they*
establish out-groups, whereas in TravCorp the
figure is 24%. Therefore, although it appears that THEY is roughly comparable
across TravCorp, SettCorp and LCIE, it may serve a different purpose in the family
CofP (cf. Vaughan, 2009, for example). Instead of referring to the narrative
adventures of others, THEY is instead used anaphorically to further strengthen the
family CofP by indexing immediate, contextual family issues, events or concerns.
8
Tackies
is used as part of Limerick English vernacular to refer to
trainers/sneakers
.
139
5.4 Conclusion
This chapter demonstrates that the relationship between the context of the utterance
and the referential practices therein characterises the very nature of the family
pragmatic system. In terms of person reference, as discussed, the deictic references
most frequently used are those that refer to the key stakeholders in the discourse –
the individual family members. Although the SettCorp family members can, on
occasion, be seen to move outside the immediate conversational context to refer to a
range of out-group identities, the family members in both TravCorp and SettCorp
primarily anchor their conversation around themselves and others in the immediate
communicative situation, evidenced by their use of I and YOU. However, in contrast
to other spoken context-types, YOU features more prominently than I in both
families in the present study, illustrating the unique influence of micro-social factors
such as
social roles
and macro-social factors such as
age
on family discourse.
Furthermore, the number of members of the CofP itself was shown to have an
impact on the frequency of occurrence of YOU in family interaction. In addition to
YOU and I, THEY is primarily used anaphorically within the families to refer to the
immediate discourse context. This orientation towards the „here and now‟ within the
families‟ referential systems is further evidenced in Chapter 6 which examines the
families‟ use of place and time reference. Again, this will demonstrate that mutual
engagement in the joint enterprise of „being a family‟ is extremely localised.
However, like personal pronouns, place and time reference will be shown to be
influenced by the macro- and micro-social features affecting the two families
portrayed in the present study.
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