International Criminal Law
308
(i)
five maps relevant to the presentation;
(ii) one video containing footage relevant to the presentation;
(iii) eight witness statements;
(iv) four court transcripts;
(v) exhumation documents, including on-site reports, photographs and death
certificates;
(vi) photographs, a schematic diagram and a map relating to destruction of property;
(vii) 13 photographic ‘stills’ taken from the video footage.
The prosecutor suggested calling the investigator for cross-examination by the
defence on the materials in his report, including the statements of persons who were
not to be called as witnesses.
114
The defence objected on the basis that the inclusion
of the Tulica report would amount to a violation of the fundamental right of the
accused to ‘examine, or have examined, the witnesses against him’ (Art 21(4)(e) of
the ICTY Statute). The defence underlined the fact that the report contained second
or third hand hearsay evidence.
115
While confirming that relevant hearsay evidence
may be admitted under r 89(C),
116
the Tribunal determined that not all categories of
the proposed evidence should be held admissible. The report itself was not admitted
into evidence, as the investigator could not be qualified as a factual witness, nor as
an expert witness. He gathered materials long after the events took place and was
thus not in a position to say anything more than which materials were in the Dossier.
117
Instead, the Tribunal looked at the materials independently, rather than the report
as a whole. As for the witness statements (iii), the Tribunal held that ‘this is not an
appropriate case for the exercise of the discretion under that provision [r 89(C)], as it
would amount to the wholesale admission of hearsay untested by cross-examination,
namely the attack on Tulica, and would be of no probative value’.
118
As for the transcripts (iv), the Trial Chamber held that there was no justification
for admitting the transcript of a witness testimony given earlier in the same trial.
The inclusion of this testimony would therefore be ‘unnecessarily repetitious’.
119
The
transcripts of three other witnesses were found admissible, as the witnesses had
been cross-examined in the
Blaskic
case, the defence of which the Trial Chamber
considered to have a common interest with the defence in the case in question. The
right to cross-examine the witnesses on matters which were not raised in the
Blaskic
case was nonetheless reserved for the defence.
120
The Trial Chamber admitted into
evidence the exhumation documents (v), consisting of an ‘on-site report’ carried
out by an Investigating Judge for the Sarajevo Cantonal Court, photograph
documentation concerning exhumation autopsy and identification, and death
114
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