PSYCHOLOGICAL
The second way sound affects us is by changing our feelings, moods and
emotions.
The clearest example of this is music. Take a moment to think of your
favourite song. I’m joining you by thinking of mine, which is
River Man
by Nick Drake. As your song plays in your mind and you listen with
imaginary ears, you may notice a shift in your mood. Music is a very
powerful conveyor of emotion, and most people know how to use it
deliberately either to counteract a feeling they would rather not have, or
to enhance one they are enjoying. The process may be intuitive, but it’s
also complex because music involves many factors: tempo and rhythm;
timbre and dynamics; melody and harmony; and for vocal music lyrics
and singing style too. Some of these are cultural; for example, the
melancholic association of minor keys is strong in the classic European
and American tradition, but far weaker in the Middle East, where some
very happy music uses the minor mode.
On top of this, like all sound, music works powerfully by association.
These associations may be global, like those evinced by the first 2 notes of
John Williams’s famous theme from the film
Jaws
(I bet you just
imagined them and thought of a shark!); they may be local, like the social
relevance of most folk music; or they may be entirely individual, created
by personal emotional experiences that are powerfully tied to a piece of
music and rekindled if it is heard again, even years later. Thus, predicting
the exact emotional impact of a piece of music on any person or group is
very difficult.
What we do know is that human beings have used music for thousands of
years to create shared emotional experiences, from tribal rites of passage
to religious worship or the modern dance scene. We even use it in war, to
give our troops bravery or to intimidate the enemy; that’s what bagpipes
were invented for. Never has a human society been discovered, no matter
how remote, that did not have music, so it clearly is part of our nature,
not spread or learned – though of course styles and songs travel, coalesce
and collide constantly, especially in the modern, connected world of
YouTube, streaming, downloads and public playlists.
While music is the most obvious type of sound that affects us
psychologically, it’s not the only one. My company, The Sound Agency,
often installs birdsong-based soundscapes, and for good reason. The
birds have been singing for millions of years, and we have learned
through the ages that normal birdsong means all is well. We can tell if
something alarms the birds, or, even worse, causes them to stop singing
altogether – a phenomenon that has often been reported before volcanic
eruptions or tsunamis. That’s why normal birdsong makes most people
feel safe, even if they are not conscious of this effect. Birdsong is also
nature’s alarm clock, telling us that it’s time to be awake and thus
promoting alertness, so this combination of security and wakefulness
makes birdsong a very useful sound for working, along with many other
activities. Just recently, research has shown that it’s also effective in
aiding recovery from illness, so it seems that we instinctively like
birdsong for some very good reasons.
The latest thinking about the multi-layered process of sound affecting
emotions comes from academics in a paper from Lund University in
Sweden. It proposes 6 component pathways in the process. In ascending
order of complexity and subtlety, here they are.
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |