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Communication problems may also arise when people of different power or status try
to communicate with each other. The company president may discount a suggestion from
an operating employee, thinking, “How can someone at that level help me run my busi-
ness?” Or, when the president goes out to inspect a new plant, workers may be reluctant to
offer suggestions because of their lower status. The marketing vice president may have
more power than the human resource vice president and consequently may not pay
much attention to a staffing report submitted by the human resource department.
If people perceive a situation differently, they may have difficulty communicating with
one another. When two managers observe that a third manager has not spent much time
in her office lately, one may believe that she has been to several important meetings, and
the other may think she is “hiding out.” If they need to talk about her in some official
capacity, problems may arise because one has a positive impression and the other a
negative impression.
Environmental factors may also disrupt effective communication. As mentioned ear-
lier in this chapter, noise may affect communication in many ways. Similarly, overload
may be a problem when the receiver is being sent more information than he or she can
effectively handle. For more than a decade, many managers have reported getting so
many messages each day as to sometimes feel overwhelmed.
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As a result, many senior
executives have two e-mail accounts: one is their “public” account that is actually moni-
tored by a subordinate who only passes along truly important messages, and the other is
a “private” account available only to a few critical contacts. And, when the manager gives
a subordinate many jobs on which to work and at the same time the subordinate is being
told by family and friends to do other things, overload may result and communication
effectiveness diminishes. An HR executive at Aviva Investors recently intended to send
an e-mail to a single individual informing him that he was fired, but the e-mail ended
up going to all 1,300 of the firm’s employees!
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Finally, as businesses become more and more global, different languages can create
problems. To counter this problem, some firms are adopting an “official language.” For
example, when the German chemical firm Hoechst merged with the French firm Rhone-
Poulenc, the new company adopted English as its official language. Indeed, English is
generally considered to be the standard business language around the world.
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