Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

7.2.Reading Passage

The oil and gas industry is the major and most rapidly growing industry in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan holds vast hydrocarbon reserves, including potentially the third largest oil stocks in the world, following Saudi Arabia and Iraq. Proven sea and land hydrocarbon stocks of Kazakhstan are estimated at about 30 billion barrels. About 70% of those stocks are located in the west of Kazakhstan and a considerable majority of them are associated with salt deposits at the depth of more than 5000 metres. Potential oil stocks of Kazakhstan (located mainly in the Caspian Sea region) are estimated at 60 billion barrels.

Kazakhstan holds the largest proven oil stocks in Caspian region. According to statistical data carbohydrate stocks confirmed by British Petroleum on land and continental shelf are estimated within 5.5 bin tones or 39.8 bin barrels. However, estimated oil stocks located only within Kazakhstan part of Caspian Sea amount to more than 17 bin tones or 124.3 bin. barrels. Oil and gas rich regions of the Republic which contain 172 oil and 42 gas resources among which over 80 are being already developed occupy around 62 % of Kazakhstani territory. Major oil stocks in Kazakhstan (over 90 %) are concentrated in 15 major resources: Tengiz, Kashagan, Karachaganak, Uzen, Zhetybai, Zhanazhol, Ka-lamkas, Kenkiyak, Karazhanbas, Kumkol, Northern Uzachi, Alibek Molla, Central and Eastern prorva, Kenbai, Korolevskoye; out of all these resources half of combined oil stocks is contained just within Kashagan and Tengiz recourses. Such concentration of geological resources lessons their cost of production, however, geological peculiarities of the resources such as geological formations of oil basins, higher content of chemically aggressive crude oil admixtures. Require extra careful project planning concerning resource development and considerable initial investmente.


7.3.Practical work with planned mistakes. Tasks: Student have to find mistakes from the text. Stock-reserve