Ф 03-03 Kasymova Zh. Zh

6.5. Language focus. Connecting ideas with and, but, and however.
We use the word and to connect ideas that are similar.
- The downstream sector is the refining, purifying, the marketing, and this sector reaches consumers through products such as petrol, kerosene, heating oil and others.
We use the words but and however to connect ideas that are different in some way. However usually comes after a semicolon.
- The downstream sector of the petroleum industry is a part of the industry that is responsible for final processing, product distribution and marketing, but it doesn't deal with exploration.


Complete the following sentences with and, but, or however. Than translate them.
1. Right n8ow, most industrial lubricants are made with oil, ___ because using oil in this way is not good for the environment; inventors are developing water-based lubricants.
2. If the quality of roads in Russia in the coming years will not increase noticeably ___ refineries will not be able to produce bitumen products that meet the new regulatory requirements, the State must carrying out its functions for revealing refineries guilty.
3. As crude oil prices fall, refining margins typically grow; ___ , as oil prices increase, refining margins may experience declines.


6.6. Control questions
1. What is Downstream Oil and Gas?
2. How is Refinery margin determined?


6.6. Themes of SIW

1. Fundamentals of Downstream oil and gas.

Practical class №7 Oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan


Aims of practical lesson is introduction with oil and gas fields in Kazakhstan


7.1. Lexical terms and word combinations

vast hydrocarbon reserves - огромные запасы углеводородов

considerable – значительный
associated – связанный
estimated – предполагаемый
occupy – занимать, занять
oil reserve – нефтяной запас
geological peculiarities – геологические особенности
oil basins – нефтяные бассейны
chemically aggressive crude oil admixtures - химически агрессивные примеси сырой нефти
Require – Требовать
concerning resource – относительно ресурса
initial – первоначальный