English Words

Noun phrase
A phrase whose head is a noun (or pronoun), e.g. 
The new students.
They
.
Onomatopoeia
A word that mirrors an aspect of its meaning, e.g. 
cuckoo, bang
is
onomatopoeic.
Orthographic word
This refers to the word in the written language which appears with a
space on either side of it.
Orthography
The conventional way of writing a language.
Parsing
Analysing a sentence (or word) into its grammatical elements and
providing a label for each element identified.
Passive voice
If the individual that ‘suffers’ the action indicated by the verb functions
as the subject of the verb, the sentence is said to be in the passive voice
(e.g. 
The man was bitten by the dog
).
Patient
The noun phrase referring to the individual or thing that undergoes the
action indicated by the verb.
Perfective aspect
A form of the verb indicating completed action.
Person
A grammatical form indicating a participant’s role in a conversation or
in writing. First person 
(I)
is the speaker, second person 
(you)
is the
addressee and third person 
(he/she/it)
is neither speaker nor addressee.
Phoneme
A sound that is used to distinguish the meaning of words in a particular
language. E.g. /t/ and /d/ are different phonemes of English. They
distinguish 
ten
/ten/ from 
den
/den/.
Phonemic transcription
A representation of speech showing the vowel and consonant sounds
that are used to distinguish word meaning.
Phonological word
The word in the spoken language which can be potentially preceded and
followed by a pause.
Phonology
The branch of linguistics concerned with the study of the properties,
patterns, functions and representations of speech sounds in a particular
language and in language in general.