Encyclopedia of Islam

1605

¶

  Death of Akbar.

1609–14

¶

  Expulsion of the Muslims from Spain.

1624

¶

  Death of Ahmad Sirhindi, Indian mystic and 

reformer.

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Chronology

  

xliii  J

1627

¶

  Mughal emperor Shah Jahan begins reign.

1640

¶

  Death of Mulla Sadra, Persian mystic and phi-

losopher.

1654

¶

  Shah Jahan completes construction of Taj 

Mahal.

1658

¶

  Aurangzeb deposes his father, Shah Jahan, and 

begins reign as Mughal ruler.

1683

¶

  Ottomans lift the second siege of Vienna and 

retreat.

1699

¶

  Death of Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, leading 

Shii scholar.

1707

¶

  Death of Aurangzeb, inaugurating era of rapid 

Mughal decline.

1722

¶

  Safavid rule in Iran effectively ended by Afghan 

invasion.

1750

¶

  Wahhabi movement, led by Muhammad Abd 

al-Wahhab, arises in Arabia.

1757–65

¶

  English East India Company wins control of 

Bengal, India.

1762

¶

  Death of Shah Wali Allah.

1798–1801

¶

  French expedition under Napoleon Bonaparte 

to Egypt.

1792

¶

  Death of Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the 

Wahhabi movement.

1801

¶

  Wahhabi raiders attack and plunder Karbala in 

Iraq.

1804

¶

  Usman dan Fodio establishes Islamic state of 

Sokoto in central Sudan.

¶

  Wahhabi forces capture Medina.

1805

¶

  Muhammad Ali appointed viceroy of Egypt by 

Ottomans.

1806

¶

  Wahhabi forces occupy Mecca.

1812–16

¶

  Egyptian troops conduct successful campaign to 

end Wahhabi control of Arabia.

1816

¶

  British withdraw from Indonesia, restoring it to 

Dutch rule.

1817

¶

  Death of Usman dan Fodio, African religious 

and political leader.

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