Encyclopedia of Islam

Further reading: Michael Fischer, Iran: From Religious 

Dispute to Revolution (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Uni-

versity Press, 1980); Ali Rahnema, “Ali Shariati: Teacher, 

Preacher, Rebel.” In Pioneers of Islamic Revival, edited by 

Ali Rahnema, 208–250 (New York: Zed Books, 2005); 

Malise Ruthven, Islam in the World (Oxford: Oxford 

University Press, 2006); Abulaziz Sachedina, “Ali Shari-

ati: Ideologue of the Iranian Revolution.” In Voices of 

Resurgent Islam, edited by John L. Esposito (New York: 

Oxford University Press, 1983); Ali Shariati, Man and 

Islam. Translated by Ghulam F. Fayez (Mashhad, Iran: 

University of Mashhad Press, 1982); ———, Marxism 

and Other Western Fallacies: An Islamic Critique. Trans-

lated by R. Campbell (Berkeley, Calif.: Mizan Press, 

1980); ———, On the Sociology of Islam. Translated by 

Hamid Algar (Berkeley, Calif.: Mizan Press, 1979).