Elements of grammar



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Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the adjec­tives derived from the nouns in brackets accord­ing to the model

Model: The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in history summarizes his life (simplicity) simply 'll Divino Michelangelo."

T est 73

The epitaph on the tomb of the greatest artist in histo­
ry summarizes his life (simplicity) ...: "II Divino

Michelangelo."



Indeed, Michelangelo Buonarroti was held to be di­
vine by his contemporaries — it was the only way to ex-
Dlain his (tremendousness)...genius. Even though Le­
onardo's Mona Lisa arguably ranks as the millennium's most
recognizable painting, Michelangelo's (totality) _ body
of work — his sculptures, paintings, and frescoes — is

unequalled.

Michelangelo's (popularity)...fame may rest on the

sculpture masterpiece David and the Sistme Chapel ceil­
ing, but the Italian artist had a (length) ...and (vari-

ant) ... career. He was born in 1475 in the village of

Caprese and grew up in Florence, which was the art cap­ital of the early Renaissance. His early success came as a sculptor, but he also excelled at painting, architecture and

even poetry. The (fame) ...dome on the top of Saint

Peter's Basilica in Vatican City is a Michelangelo design.



Michelangelo seemed to thrive on challenge and diffi­
culty in his work. David, perhaps the most famous sculp­
ture in the world, was completed using a block of discard­
ed marble. The artist spent four years (flatness) ...on

his back (height)...on a scaffold in the Sistine Chapel

to complete the masterpiece painting on the ceiling. Al­though ceiling paintings were usually considered unimpor­tant and were reserved for figures because of their distance from the viewer, Michelangelo produced biblical scenes ol power and subtlety on the chapel ceiling.

Michelangelo's best work offers a combination of de­


tail and (exquisiteness) ...beauty that is unmatched

according to art historians. His attention to the (technique,

...aspects of human anatomy, especially the male nude

is (brilliancy) ...and (influence) ....

The artist's work is also (intellect) ...stimulating

grounded in mythology, religion, and other reference



(Wideness) ...considered the greatest artist of his owr

time, Michelangelo is still seen as a key to the flowering
of the Renaissance and is the standard against which a!
(subsequence)...artists are measured.

Test 79

The Internet is the computer-based worldwide infor
mation network. The Internet is composed of a larg.
number of smaller interconnected networks. These net
works may link tens, hundreds, or thousands of comput­
ers, enabling them to share information with each other
and to share various resources, such as (power) ...su-

percomputers and databases of information. The Internet



has made it (possibility)...for people all over the world

to (effectiveness) ...and rather (cheapness) ...com­
municate with each other.

Unlike (tradition) ...broadcasting media, such as

radio and television, the Internet is a decentralized sys­tem. Each connected individual can communicate with anyone else on the Internet, can publish ideas, and can sell products.

The Internet has brought new opportunity for busi­nesses to offer goods and services online. In the future, it

may have an (equality)...dramatic impact on (height)

...education as more universities offer Internet-based

courses.

In 1989 English computer scientist Timothy Berners-


Lee introduced the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee (ini­
tials) ...designed the WWW to aid communication be­
tween physicists who were working in different parts of the
world for the European Laboratory for Particle Physics.

As it grew, however, the WWW revolutionized the use



of the Internet. During the early 1990s (increase) ...

large numbers of users who were not part of the scientific
or (academy) ...communities began to use the Inter­
net, due in large part to the ability of the WWW to (easi­
ness) ...handle multimedia documents. One survey

found that there were 61 million Internet users worldwide at the end of 1996, 148 million at the end of 1998, and an

(estimate)...320 million in 2000. Analysts estimate that

more than 700 million people will use the Internet in 2001.



T est 80 [

In the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century the



church suffered an (enormity) ...blow to its authority.

One man was at the heart of that split: German theologian Martin Luther.

Luther, who was born in 1483, succeeded perhaps

because he attacked the (notoriety)...corruption of the

medieval Catholic Church from the inside. A priest, Luther began questioning some of Catholicism's main tenets after becoming a professor of theology at the University of Wit­tenberg in 1508.

Although many others had condemned the corruption
of the papacy and the church before, Luther focused his
disputes (direction)...on certain church doctrines.

(Basis)...among these was his belief that only God,

not the Catholic Church, could grant redemption from



sin. This conflicted (straightness) ...with the church's

policy of selling indulgences. The indulgence was a (mon­
etarist) ...payment that promised the soul's release from

punishment after death for sins committed during a per­
son's lifetime. It was a (popularity) ...and (success)

...way for the church to raise money. In 1517 Luther



(publicity) ...attacked this and other church practices

that had become corrupted in his Disputation on the Power


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