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and Efficacy of Indulgences, (commonality)...known as
the Ninety-Five Theses.
Thanks to the new printing technology of the time,
Luther's writings were (wideness) ...distributed, dis
cussed, and debated.
Historians consider his (revolution)...ideas the sin
gle most important contribution to the Reformation, a
movement that finally shattered Catholicism's 1,200-year
dominance in Europe and gave rise to Protestantism.
Luther's defiance touched off more than a century of
religious warfare and nurtured an (emergency)...spirit of
nationalism throughout the continent as governments reject
ed the authority of Rome and established their own (nation
ality) ...churches. In 1534, for example, England's King
Henry VIII passed a law that created an (independence)
...Church of England, with himself as its head.
Luther was excommunicated in 1521, but he contin-
ued to (violence)...agitate against the Roman Catholic
Church for the rest of his life. He was also the (principal
ity) ...figure behind translating the Bible from the ancient
Hebrew and Greek into German; this translation was important in opening religious scholarship to those without training in the ancient languages. Luther died in 1546, but his
(influence) ...heritage lives on in the religious world.
Protestantism stands beside Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy as one of the three main divisions of Christianity.
Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns derived from the adjectives in brackets according to the model.
Model: An iceberg is a (massive) mass of freshwater ...
Test 81 |
An iceberg is a (massive)...of freshwater ice that is
broken off from a (glacial)...or an ice shelf and that
floats in the ocean or in a lake. Ice floats because its
(dense)...is less than that of water.
A typical iceberg shows only about one-fifth of its total mass above the water; the other four-fifths is submerged.
Icebergs can be large. The largest iceberg ever sighted
was 335 km in (long)...and 97 km in (wide)..., about
the size of Belgium. It was seen in November 1956 by the crew of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker in the Ross Sea, off Antarctica. Icebergs pose a (hazardous)
...to shipping and to offshore (active) ...in polar and
subpolar waters.
Icebergs can have Thany different forms, depending on
their (original)...and age. They are usually classified as
tabular, i.e. resembling a flat tabletop, rounded, or irregular and present magnificent sights in the polar and subpolar seas.
Icebergs were known to early mariners and (explorato
ry) ...and to sealers and whalers who hunted their prey
in the Arctic and Antarctic waters. Beginning in the 20th century, icebergs have been used as stabilized platforms for scientific stations. Some people have suggested towing
icebergs to places where is (scarce)...of water and melting
them there, but this idea has not yet been implemented.
Directions: Fill in the gaps in the sentences with the nouns derived from the nouns in brackets according to the model
Model: Ted Turner is an American business (execution)
executive ...
Test 82
Ted Turner is an American business (execution)...
and sports (enthusiasm)..., one of the most influential
television (administration)...of the late 20th century.
Bom Robert Edward Turner III in Cincinnati, Ohio, he was educated at Georgia Military Academy and Brown University. After his father committed suicide in 1963,
Turner turned out the only heir and his (inheritor) ...
was the family billboard-advertising business.
In 1970 he bought a failing television station in Atlanta
and by 1975 Turner had transformed it into the first "super-
station" by transmitting low-cost sports and (entertainer)...
programs via satellite to cable systems throughout the coun
try. This was a highly profitable (innovator)...that accel
erated the spread of cable television nationwide.
In 1980 Turner launched Cable Kews Network (CNN), the first 24-hour television news station. Its live (cover)
...of fast-breaking news around the world helped it to
become a highly respected news organization, and it even
tually achieved a global (view)....
In 1985 Turner purchased MGM/UA Entertainment Com
pany, which was the (ownership) ...of the Metro-Gold-
win-Mayer (MGM) and United Artists (UA) film studios.
Within months Turner sold most of the company, but he retained MGM's massive library of films, which included such classics as Gone With the Wind and The Wizard of Oz.
In 1988 he launched Turner Network Television (TNT), on which many of the movies were shown. In 1996 entertainment giant Time Warner acquired Turner Broadcasting System (TBS), the parent company for all of Turner's businesses, in a deal valued at $7.6 billion.
The (acquirer)...made Time Warner the world's larg
est media and entertainment company. Turner became vice
(chairmanship) ...of Time Warner's board of directors and
head of the (divider)...containing TBS businesses.
In 1997 Turner pledged to donate $1 billion to the
United Nations, one of the largest single charitable (do
nor) ...in history. He designated the money for UN
humanitarian causes. Turner is also the (foundation)...
of the Goodwill Games, a quadrennial international sports
(competitor) .... His generous (sponsor) ...is known
to many companies.
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