Electronics and Circuits 2

Prospects for the development of electronics and nanoelectronics.

The development of human culture is associated with the assimilation of new materials. Wood and stone are the first materials mastered by man. Labor and hunting weapons made from these materials made it possible for a man in the wild primitive community to effectively survive.

Then people learned to smelt copper and bronze. Labor and hunting weapons became more sophisticated, and man became the “master” of the environment. The development of iron has led to the creation and development of industry, a huge leap in its development.
Advances in electronics have completely changed the lifestyle of modern people. We cannot imagine our present life without cell phones, computers, televisions, and so on. The development of electronics has occurred as a result of people mastering a new material - silicon.
By inventing and developing new ways of obtaining materials, people created technologies. The word "technology" is derived from the Greek words "techne" - art, skill, mastery and "logos" - science.
The following definition can be given: technology is a set of tools and methods of processing, preparation, change of state, properties, shape of raw material or material in the production process . To make an ax or a computer, you need to have the technology - the means and methods to process the raw material and get the finished product from them. Technology changes the initial state or quality of a material to obtain a material product. The task of technology is to turn man's knowledge of the universe and nature into a material product that is necessary and useful to humans.
In the process of processing materials and making products, man assimilates materials with different geometric dimensions. Macroscopic ("macro" - large) objects that, man unarmed eye with see possible which was objects ga a y t i ladi. For thousands of years, humanity has been using macroscopic bodies made up of a large number of atoms in life and technology, whether it is a house or an airliner. Trees, tables, people, elephants, and so on are all objects of the macroscopic universe.
Bowls, saws, cars , etc. l arni preparation technologies macroscopic olam technologies.
Optics microscope to discover from then man itself for mikroolam
discovered the objects.
Microscopic ("micro" - small) objects are objects with a size in the range of 1 to 100 microns. Micro appendix any of the thing million a part of reminding we pass The unit of length of 1mkm is 10 ^-6 m or 0.0001cm. Biological cells, erythrocytes, etc. are objects of the microcosm. Examples of microcosm technologies include the acquisition of electronic chips and gene modification.
Nanometers are objects with sizes from 1 to 100nm. Nano (Greek) nanoscale , gnome , dwarf) any of the unit billion a (10 ^-9 ) share means. For example, the nanometer MMN7 is one billionth of a meter (1nm = 10 ^-9 m). As an explanation, the figure below shows the dimensions of natural and artificial universe objects on a logarithmic scale.