Electronics and Circuits 2

Stages and prospects of electronics development.



Electronics - fan and technique field information signal, reception to do, again performance and save for used electron devices and tools Create methods learn, develop exit with engaged. Electronics is based on physical knowledge such as electromagnetic field theory, quantum mechanics, solid structure theory, and electrical conductivity phenomena. The development of electronics is closely related to the improvement of electronic device technology to the present day four stage printing passed
The first stage devices consisted of: resistors, inductors, magnets, capacitors, electromechanical devices (reconnectors, relays, and the like), passive elements.
The second stage Lide Forest by in 1906 triod of the lamp invention to be done started. The triode was the first active electronic device that converted electrical signals and, most importantly, amplified power. Due to the ability to amplify weak signals using electronic lamps, it became possible to transmit radio and telephone conversations , and later, images over long distances (television). This of the period electron tools passive elements with together, active elements - electrons from lamps consists of was.
The third is Dj. Bardin, V. Brattein , and V. Shockley by 1948 electronics basic active elements which was bipolar transistor invention reach with started. This invention was awarded the Nobel Prize. While the transistor performed all the functions of an electronic lamp, it was devoid of major shortcomings such as: low reliability, high power consumption, large size.
The fourth stage is electronic based on integrated circuits (IMS) device and systems Create with started and microelectronics period deb ataldi.
Microelectronics is a branch of electronics that conducts research on the development of new types of electronic devices - IMS and the principles of their application, using physical, constructive-technological and schematic methods.
At present, the level of development of telecommunications and information systems literally depends on the level of application of microelectronics and nanoelectronics products in them.
The first IMSs were created in 1958. IMSs are compact in size, light in weight, low in energy consumption, high in reliability, and are currently being developed in three design-technological options: thick and thin-walled, semiconductor and hybrid.
Since 1965, the development of microelectronics has been in line with G. Moore’s Law, i.e., the number of elements in modern IMS is doubling every two years. Currently, ultra-high (OYUIS) and high (GYuIS) IMS with a number of elements 10 ⁶ ÷ 10 ⁹ are produced.
During almost half a century of development of microelectronics, a wide range of IMSs has been developed. Telecommunications and Information - It is important for professionals who design and operate communication systems to have knowledge of the capabilities of a modern microelectronic element base.
Due to the existence of physical limits of the development of integrated microelectronics, a new direction of electronics - nanoelectronics - is rapidly developing today, along with traditional microelectronics.