Dr. Carlos F. Márquez Linares Dr. Enrique F. Quero Gervilla Doctoral Programme in Languages, Texts and Contexts Faculty of Translation and Interpreting university of granada

превышение должностных/служебных полномочий руководством (Ruscorpora) (prevyshenie dolzhnostnyh/sluzhebnyh polnomochiy rukovodstvom; L.t.: abuse of post/office authority by management).

The Russian term makes the semantic components contained in the definition explicit. At the same time it is based on the source term components, retrieved by Calque (“management: руководство; override: превышение”). In this piece of work, devoted to the Descriptive Translation of Corporate Governance Terms, it is suggested that the following types of DT can be distinguished:

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  Pure Descriptive Translation;
  
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  Descriptive Translation and Calque;
  
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  Descriptive Translation and Direct Loan;
  
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  Descriptive Translation and Additional or Irrelevant Components.
  

The DT method, its definition, use and categories are analyzed in detail in the chapters below (chapter 7 “Defining Descriptive Translation of Terms”, chapter 8 “Descriptive Translation and Term Formation Requirements” and chapter 9 “Descriptive Translation Groups within the Coporate Govenrance Field”).

4. Direct Translation Equivalent

One more term creation method should be introduced, based on the general ideas of the translation of borrowed words: Direct Translation Equivalent.

The creation of terms can employ existing forms not only within monolingual, but also interlingual activity. In this case the target language uses its own vocabulary to translate the source terminological unit.

As a rule, this term creation method in the target language is directed not at neologisms or neonyms, but at terms retrieved in the source language by means of terminologization, conversion, or transdisciplinary borrowing (see 3.1.2.). In practice, a word is not being created by means of this method; but rather its meaning is being expanded or shifted to another category by analogy with the source language unit.

For example, the term insolvency estate (“assets of the debtor that are subject to the insolvency proceedings” (UNCITRAL-2, 2005) has the following equivalent in the Russian Language: конкурсная масса (konkursnaja massa; L.t.: competitive mass (assets)) (Academic). The Russian term functions within the field of Law. Accordingly, the term was shifted from the field of Law to the field of Corporate Governance by analogy with the English term: bankruptcy proceedings: конкурсное производство (konkursnoje proizvodstvo; L.t.: competitive proceedings) (Lingvo). Accordingly, the Russian term was created using Direct Translation Equivalent for the English term insolvency estate.

The source language (in our case – English) exerts a considerable influence over the creation of new words in the target language (here Russian). However, the latter can change the borrowed words according to its own patterns and traditions. It results in the use of assimilated terms with native language suffixes, prefixes, etc. In addition to this, the cultural and stylistic aspects of the target language should be taken into account. For this reason, the basic principles of term formation in Russian, as a target language, can reveal the techniques which assimilate English structures into the structure of the Russian language.

2.