Dasturlash asoslari

10.9. O‘zgaruvchilarning tavsifiga misollar

3-misol

IntX butun sonining tavsifi. Uning qiymati Text2 matn maydoniga, natija esa Text2 matn maydoniga kiritiladi. Dasturda quyida tavsif qilingan, qatorni songa va sonni qatorga almashtiradigan funksiya foydalaniladi.
Ikkita belgidan (Label1, Label2), ikkita matn maydonidan (Text1, Text2) va ikkita tugmadan (Command1, Command2) tashkil topgan forma loyihasini yaratamiz.



10.3-rasm

Ob’yekt	Xossa	O‘rnatilgan qiymatlari
Label1	Caption Font BackColor	-32768 dan +32767 gacha bo‘lgan intervaldagi butun sonni kiriting
Label2	Caption Font BackColor	Natija
Command1	Caption	Chiqish
Command2	Caption	Natijani ko‘rsatish
Text1 Text2	Text	Text xossasi maydonini tozalash

Command2 (Natijani ko‘rsatish) tugmasi bosilgandagi protseduraning kodini yozamiz

10.4-rasm
Loyihani ishga tushiramiz



10.5-rasm

Shunga e’tibor qilish kerakki, ya’ni agar kiritilgan son qiymatlar diapazonidan tashqarida bo‘lsa, Overflow to‘lib ketish xatosi yuz beradi.

10.6-rasm

10.7-rasm

4-misol

Har xil turdagi o’zgaruvchilar va ularning har xil diapazondagi qiymatlarini ishlatish uchun yangi loyiha yaratamiz.

10.8-rasm
Dastur kodi
Option Explicit
Private Sub Command1_Click()
End
End Sub
Private Sub Command2_Click()
Dim intX1 As Integer, lngX2 As Long
Dim sngX3 As Single, dblX4 As Double
Dim binX5 As Boolean, strX6 As String
intX1 = Val(Text1.Text)
lngX2 = Val(Text2.Text)
sngX3 = Val(Text3.Text)
dblX4 = Val(Text4.Text)
binX5 = Text5.Text
strX6 = Text6.Text
Text7.Text = Str(intX1)
Text8.Text = Str(lngX2)
Text9.Text = Str(sngX3)
Text10.Text = Str(dblX4)
Text11.Text = binX5
Text12.Text = strX6
End Sub
Private Sub Form_Load()
End Sub

Dastur kodida quyiq-qiya shaklda operatorlar ajratilib yozilgan.

Ob’yekt	Xossa	O‘rnatilgan qiymatlar
Label1	Caption Font BackColor	Integer turidagi butun son
Label2	Caption Font BackColor	Long turidagi uzun butun son
Label3	Caption Font BackColor	Single turidagi siljuvchi nuqtali son
Label4	Caption Font BackColor	Double turidagi siljuvchi nuqtali son
Label5	Caption Font BackColor	Boolean turidagi mantiqiy qiymat
Label6	Caption Font BackColor	String turidagi qator
Label7	Caption Font BackColor	Kiritish maydoni
Label8	Caption Font BackColor	Natijalar maydoni
Command1	Caption	Tugatish
Command2	Caption	Natihani ko‘rsatish
Text1 Text2 Text3 Text4 Text5 Text6 Text7 Text8 Text9 Text10 Text11 Text12	Text	Text xossasi maydoni tozalash

10.9-rasm



10.10-rasm

10.10. Asosiy matematik operatorlar

Matematik operatorlar sonlar ustida hisoblashlarni bajarishga imkon beradi.

Operatorlar	Bajariladigan amallar
+	Qo‘shish
-	Ayirish
*	Ko‘paytirish
/	Bo‘lish
\	Butun sonli bo‘lish
mod	Qoldiq
/\	Darajaga oshirish

Ustuvorliklar (Prioritetlar)
Matematik operatorlar ifodalarni kiritish uchun tavsiya qilingan. Ifoda bitta operatorga bog‘lik bo‘lgan o‘zgaruvchilardan, qiymatlardan, funksiyadan tashkil topishi mumkin. Agar ifodada qavslar yo‘q bo‘lsa, operatorlar quyidagi tartib bo‘yicha bajariladi:

1. 
   Darajaga oshirish.
   
2. 
   Ko‘paytirish va bo‘lish.
   
3. 
   Butun sonli bo‘lish.
   
4. 
   Bo‘linmadan olingan qoldiq.
   
5. 
   Qo‘shish va ayirish.
   

Ifodada hisoblash tartibini o‘zgartirish uchun oddiy qavslar ishlatiladi. Masalan, (d-c*(a-b))/(a+b) formulasida avval a-b amali so‘ng natijani c ga ko‘paytmasi, olingan ko‘paytma d dan ayirmasi, undan keyin esa a+b amali va nihoyat birinchi olingan natija ikkinchisiga bo‘linadi. Ifodadagi qavslar soni chegaralanmagan, lekin shuni esta tutish kerak, ya’ni qavslar – juftli belgilar. Har bir ochilgan qavs uchun o‘zining yopilgan qavsi ham bo‘lishi shart.

Amallarning bajarilishi natijasining turi operandlarning turlariga bog‘lik bo‘ladi. Agar ikkala operand ham butun bo‘lsa, qo‘shish, ayirish, ko‘paytirish va butun sonli darajaga oshirish amallari natijasi butun bo‘ladi. Agar hech bo‘masa bitta (yoki ikkita) operand haqiqiy bo‘lsa, natija haqiqiy bo‘ladi.

5-misol: Asosiy matematik operatorlar ishlatilgan loyiha

Quyidagi turdagi formani yaratingiz:



10.11-rasm

Ob’yekt	Xossa	O‘rnatilgan qiymatlari
Form1	Caption	Matematik amallarni bajarish
Label1	Caption Font BackColor	Butun a ni kiriting
Label2	Caption Font BackColor	Butun b ni kiriting
Label3	Caption Font BackColor	Haqiqiy x ni kiriting
Label4	Caption Font BackColor	Haqiqiy y ni kiriting
Label5	Caption Font BackColor	BUTUN
Label6	Caption Font BackColor	HAQIQIY
Label7	Caption Font BackColor	YIG‘INDI
Label8	Caption Font BackColor	AYIRMA
Label9	Caption Font BackColor	KO‘PAYTMA
Label10	Caption Font BackColor	BO‘LINMA
Label11	Caption Font BackColor	BUTUN SONLI BO‘LINMA
Label12	Caption Font BackColor	QOLDIQ
Label13	Caption Font BackColor	SONNING KUBI
Label14	Caption Font BackColor	KUBIK ILDIZ
Command1	Caption	Amallar natijasi
Command2	Caption	Yakunlash
Text1, Text2, Text3, Text4, Text5, Text6, Text7, Text8, Text9, Text10, Text11, Text12, Text13, Text14, Text15, Text16, Text17, Text18, Text19, Text20	Text	Text xossasi maydonini tozalash

Dastur kodi

Option Explicit

Private Sub Command1_Click()
Dim inta As Integer, intb As Integer
Dim dblx As Double, dbly As Double
Dim intsum As Integer, intsubstr As Integer
Dim intmult As Integer, intdiv As Integer
Dim intmod As Integer, intsqr As Integer
Dim dblsum As Double, dblsubstr As Double
Dim dblmult As Double, dbldiv As Double
Dim dblsqr As Double, dblsqrt As Double
Dim dbldiv1 As Double, dblsqrt1 As Double
inta = Val(Text1.Text)
intb = Val(Text2.Text)
dblx = Val(Text3.Text)
dbly = Val(Text4.Text)
intsum = inta + intb
intsubstr = inta - intb
intmult = inta * intb
dbldiv1 = inta / intb
intdiv = inta \ intb
intmod = inta Mod intb
intsqr = inta ^ 3
dblsqrt1 = inta ^ (1 / 3)
dblsum = dblx + dbly
dblsubstr = dblx - dbly
dblmult = dblx * dbly
dbldiv = dblx / dbly
dblsqr = dblx ^ 3
dblsqrt = dblx ^ (1 / 3)
Text5.Text = Str(intsum)
Text7.Text = Str(intsubstr)
Text9.Text = Str(intmult)
Text11.Text = Str(dbldiv1)
Text13.Text = Str(intdiv)
Text15.Text = Str(intmod)
Text17.Text = Str(intsqr)
Text19.Text = Str(dblsqrt1)
Text6.Text = Str(dblsum)
Text8.Text = Str(dblsubstr)
Text10.Text = Str(dblmult)
Text12.Text = Str(dbldiv)
Text18.Text = Str(dblsqr)
Text20.Text = Str(dblsqrt)
End Sub

Private Sub Command2_Click()

End
End Sub



10.12-rasm

10.13-rasm


10.11. Visual Basicning matematik funksiyalari
Matematik funksiyalar qiymatlar qaytaradi. Ular o‘zgaruvchiga qiymat o‘zlashtirilganda va ifodalarni hisoblashda ishlatilishi mumkin. n – funksiya argumenti va funksiya tarkibi sonli qiymatga ega bo‘lishi yoki sonli turdagi o‘zgaruvchi bo‘lishi mumkin.

Funksiyalar	Bajaradigan vazifalari
Abs(n)	n ning absolyut qiymatini qaytaradi
Atn(n)	n ning arktangensini radianlarda qaytaradi
Cos(n)	n ning kosinus burchagini qaytaradi. n burchak radianlarda beriladi.