CHAPTER 7:
COMPARISON OF Cu, Zn AND Fe BIOLEACHING FROM Cu-METALLURGICAL SLAGS IN THE
PRESENCE OF
PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AND
ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS
221
An initial pH increase may be due to H
+
replacing Fe
2+
during fayalite dissolution (Eq. 2)
(Kleiv & Thornhill, 2006). Furthermore, hydrogen ion replacement with glass constituents
may have the same effect (Eq. 3). The continued decrease of solution pH may either be due
to: i) microbial S
0
oxidation and consequent formation of sulfuric acid (Eq. 1) either ii) the
dissolution of sulfides (Eq. 4). The formation of sulfuric acid hindered the neutralization input
provided by the silicates. The dissolution features on fayalite, glass and sulfides were
confirmed by SEM observations (Figure 7.6).
(Fe
2+
)
2
SiO
4
+ 4H
+
→ 2 Fe
2+
+ H
4
SiO
4
Eq. 2
– Si – O – M
(glass)
+ H
+
↔ – Si – OH
(glass)
+ M
+
(aq)
Eq. 3
MeS
2
+ 7/2 O
2
+ H
2
O → Me
2+
+ 2 SO
4
2-
(aq)
+ 2 H
+
Eq. 4
The particle sizes of CS in the experiments with
A. thiooxidans did not have any significant
effect on the Fe extraction efficiencies as the quantities released were comparable and after 40
days the extraction efficiencies were 72 % (1 % PD) and 56 % (3 % PD) for 1-2 mm size
material and 72 % (1 % PD) and 61 % (3 % PD) for < 0.3 mm size material (Figure 7.9). The
trends observed for these metals might be attributed to the mineralogical composition of CS.
As Cu is mainly associated with Cu-bearing sulfides (Potysz et al., 2016b), the reduction of
the particle size undoubtedly favored the exposure of these phases to the bioleaching solution,
whereas larger particle sizes and subsequent encapsulation of the main Cu-carriers reduced
Cu leaching (Carranza et al., 2009). The slag particle size may have little effect on Fe
leaching because the omnipresent Fe-bearing phases (
i.e., fayalite and glass) have unrestricted
exposure to the bioleaching solution. A similar observation was made by Liu et al. (2011)
who reported lack of the effect of the particle size on Fe release from pyrite leached with
A.
thiooxidans. In contrast, particle size had an effect on Zn leachability, even though it is
mainly present as an impurity of fayalite and glass. Zinc impurities reveal an irregular
compositional distribution gradient along fayalite and glass according to microprobe data
(Potysz et al., 2016b). Additionally, Zn occurs as wurtzite ((Zn,Fe)S) micro-inclusions
distributed within bornite (Kierczak et al., 2013). Furthermore, some impurities of Zn are also
incorporated in chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite (Potysz et al., 2016b). Hence, the reduction of the
particle size renders accessibility of these minor sulfide components and Zn-enriched zones of
fayalite and glass better and results in a higher liberation of Zn from smaller (< 0.3 mm) slag
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