7.4.2 Extraction efficiencies of Cu-slags bioleaching with Pseudomonas
fluorescens
The increase of pH observed in the experiments with P. fluorescens was greater when larger
particle sizes were used, whereas the use of smaller particle sizes resulted in very little pH
increase. Firstly, the increase of pH might be related to the dissolution of phases present in the
slags (Eqs. 2 and 3). However, higher dissolution rates of slags of smaller particle sizes
(Figures 7.4 and 7.5) would be expected to have a higher contribution to neutralizing
reactions, thus, a larger pH increase. The reason for the lower pH increase in the case of
smaller particles sizes may be the larger excretion of organic metabolites having an acidifying
effect that hinders the neutralizing reaction of silicates. Moreover, higher dissolution rates of
sulfides (Eq. 4) for smaller particles compared to larger particles could be a reason for the
lower pH value in the case of CS (< 0.3 mm).
P. fluorescens was found to have a poorer performance in terms of metal extraction from
slags. Because the efficiencies reached after 40 days of incubation did not go beyond 10.3 %
(Cu), 4.2 % (Zn) and 0.3 % (Fe) for CS (Figure 7.10), an application of these bacteria for the
leaching process does not appear to be beneficial in terms of metal recovery. Similarly, the
extraction efficiencies achieved for AS did not exceed 4.2 % (Cu), 2.6 % (Zn) and 0.7 % (Fe)
even when the particle sizes were < 0.3 mm. On the other hand, the contribution of this
bacterium to the weathering process may be relevant from an environmental point of view
since their presence may increase the doses of metals released at industrial waste dumping
sites. If P. fluorescens is considered to be used as a leaching agent for slags, further important
improvements of the process are necessary in order to fully exploit the advantages of this
CHAPTER 7: COMPARISON OF Cu, Zn AND Fe BIOLEACHING FROM Cu-METALLURGICAL SLAGS IN THE
PRESENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AND ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS
224
bacterium. Our data show that reduced particle sizes of both slag types resulted in higher
concentrations of metals in the leachates as compared to particle sizes 1-2 mm.
To improve the performance of P. fluorescens, an adjustment to a lower pH value could be
undertaken since the survival of these bacteria at lower pH conditions (e.g. pH - 5.0) has been
reported in the literature (Soesanto et al., 2011). Another improvement of the performance of
this species could be leaching solution renewal which supplies nutrients and removes toxic
metals from the liquid phase at the same time. The frequency of liquid solution renewal could
be set based on the metal concentration in the solution. However, such an approach would
tremendously increase the volume of the process solution, hence treatment cost as well.
Therefore, among the two tested bacteria, P. fluorescens is not appropriate for economically
viable bioleaching, whereas the acid producing A. ferroxidans exhibited a superior
performance in terms of metal extraction efficiencies when the same treatment duration
considered.
CHAPTER 7: COMPARISON OF Cu, Zn AND Fe BIOLEACHING FROM Cu-METALLURGICAL SLAGS IN THE
PRESENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS FLUORESCENS AND ACIDITHIOBACILLUS THIOOXIDANS
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