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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

Inventory Management
Inventory control
, also called
materials control
, is essential for effective operations man-
agement. The four basic kinds of inventories are
raw materials, work in process, finished
goods
, and
in-transit
inventories. As shown in Table 15.1, the sources of control over
these inventories are as different as their purposes. Work-in-process inventories, for
example, are made up of partially completed products that need further processing;
they are controlled by the shop floor system. In contrast, the quantities and costs of
finished-goods inventories are under the control of the overall production scheduling
system, which is determined by high-level planning decisions. In-transit inventories are
controlled by the transportation and distribution systems.
Like most other areas of operations management, inventory management changed nota-
bly in recent years. One particularly important breakthrough is the
just-in-time (JIT)
method
. JIT is a recent breakthrough in inventory management. With JIT inventory
Table 15.1
Inventory Types, Purposes, and Sources of Control
Type
Purpose
Source of Control
Raw materials
Provide the materials needed
to make the product
Purchasing models and
systems
Work in
process
Enable overall production to
be divided into stages of
manageable size
Shop floor control systems
Finished
goods
Provide ready supply of
products on customer
demand and enable long,
efficient production runs
High-level production
scheduling systems in
conjunction with marketing
In transit
(pipeline)
Distribute products to
customers
Transportation and
distribution control systems
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