Convenience

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F I G U R E 1 2 . 2
Types of Communication Networks
Research on communication networks has identified five basic networks for five-person groups. These
networks vary in terms of information flow, position of the leader, and effectiveness for different types of
tasks. Managers might strive to create centralized networks when group tasks are simple and routine.
Alternatively, managers can foster decentralized groups when group tasks are complex and nonroutine.
vertical
communication
Communication that
flows up and down
the organization,
usually along formal
reporting lines; takes
place between
managers and their
superiors and
subordinates and
may involve several
different levels of the
organization
Chapter 12:
Communication in Organizations
3 6 9
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downward communication. Subordinates are likely to withhold or distort information that
makes them look bad. The greater the degree of difference in status between superior and
subordinate and the greater the degree of distrust, the more likely the subordinate is to
suppress or distort information.
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For example, subordinates might choose to withhold
information about problems from their boss if they think the news will make him angry
and if they think they can solve the problem themselves without his knowledge.
Downward communication
occurs when information flows down the hierarchy from
superiors to subordinates. The typical content of these messages is directives on how
something is to be done, the assignment of new responsibilities, performance feedback,
and general information that the higher-level manager thinks will be of value to the
lower-level manager. Vertical communication can and usually should be two-way in
nature. In other words, give-and-take communication with active feedback is generally
likely to be more effective than one-way communication.
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