Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

F I G U R E 4 . 3
Evaluating Alternatives in the Decision-Making Process
Managers must thoroughly evaluate all the alternatives; this increases the chances that the alternative that is
finally chosen will be successful. Failure to evaluate an alternative’s feasibility, satisfactoriness, and
consequences can lead to a wrong decision.
Chapter 4:
Managing Decision Making
1 0 7
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Selecting the Best Alternative
Even though many alternatives fail to pass the triple
tests of feasibility, satisfactoriness, and affordable consequences, two or more alternatives
may remain. Choosing the best of these is the real crux of decision making. One
approach is to choose the alternative with the optimal combination of feasibility, satisfac-
toriness, and affordable consequences. Even though most situations do not lend them-
selves to objective, mathematical analysis, the manager can often develop subjective
estimates and weights for choosing an alternative.
Optimization is also a frequent goal. Because a decision is likely to affect several
individuals or units, any feasible alternative will probably not maximize all of the
relevant goals. Suppose that the manager of the Kansas City Royals needs to select a
new outfielder for the upcoming baseball season. Bill hits .350 but sometimes has
difficulty catching fly balls, Joe hits only .225 but is outstanding in the field, and Sam hits
.290 and is a solid but not outstanding fielder. The manager would probably select Sam
because of the optimal balance of hitting and fielding. Decision makers should also
remember that finding multiple acceptable alternatives may be possible; selecting just
one alternative and rejecting all the others might not be necessary. For example, the
Royals’ manager might decide that Sam will start each game, Bill will be retained as a
pinch hitter, and Joe will be retained as a defensive substitute. In many hiring decisions,
the candidates remaining after evaluation are ranked. If the top candidate rejects the
offer, it may be automatically extended to the number-two candidate and, if necessary,
to the remaining candidates in order. For the reasons noted earlier, Airbus proposed a
joint venture with Boeing. Boeing, meanwhile, decided that its best course of action was
to modify its existing 747 to increase its capacity. As a result, Airbus then decided to
proceed on its own to develop and manufacture a new jumbo jet. Boeing, however, also
decided that in addition to modifying its 747, it would develop a new plane to offer as an
alternative, albeit one not as large as the 747 or the proposed Airbus plane.

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