Convenience



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Fundamentals-of-Management-8th-Edition-Ricky-Griffin-978-1285849041

strategic alliance
A cooperative
arrangement
between two or more
firms for mutual gain
joint venture
A special type of
strategic alliance in
which the partners
share in the
ownership of an
operation on an
equity basis
direct investment
When a firm builds or
purchases operating
facilities or
subsidiaries in a
different country
from the one where it
has its headquarters
maquiladoras
Light assembly
plants that are built
in Northern Mexico
close to the U.S.
border and are given
special tax breaks by
the Mexican
government
Chapter 2:
The Environments of Organizations and Managers
5 3
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Some cultural differences between countries can be even more subtle and yet have a
major impact on business activities. For example, in the United States, most managers
clearly agree about the value of time. Most U.S. managers schedule their activities very
tightly and then try hard to adhere to their schedules. Other cultures do not put such a
premium on time. In the Middle East, managers do not like to set appointments, and
they rarely keep appointments set too far into the future. U.S. managers interacting
with managers from the Middle East might misinterpret the late arrival of a potential
business partner as a negotiation ploy or an insult, when it is merely a simple reflection
of different views of time and its value.
42
Language itself can be an important factor. Beyond the obvious and clear barriers
posed when people speak different languages, subtle differences in meaning can also
play a major role. For example, Imperial Oil of Canada markets gasoline under the
brand name Esso. When the firm tried to sell its gasoline in Japan, it learned that
esso
means “stalled car” in Japanese. Likewise, when Chevrolet first introduced a U.S. model
called the Nova in Latin America, General Motors executives could not understand why
the car sold poorly. They eventually learned, though, that, in Spanish,
no va
means, “It
doesn’t go.” The color green is used extensively in Muslim countries, but it signifies
death in some other lands. The color associated with femininity in the United States is
pink, but in many other countries yellow is the most feminine color. And when Disney
was initially promoting its new theme park in Hong Kong, its print ads featured a family
consisting of two parents and two children, failing to consider that the Chinese govern-
ment limits most families to a single child. As a result, people who saw the ad were con-
fused until Disney relaunched the campaign to show parents and a single child visiting
the park.
43

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