Confiscation of instrumentalities and proceeds of corruption crimes in Eastern Europe and Central Asia



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OECD-Confiscation-of-Proceeds-of-Corruption-Crimes-ENG

Recommendation 3
 
3.1.
The ACN countries, where the legislation does not provide for the possibility of confiscation of 
mixed proceeds
of corruption crimes and profits therefrom, should include the above in the list of 
the objects of confiscation measures.
3.2.
Other countries, if required, should establish clear regulation for applying confiscation in such cases 
in the legislation or through development of the stable judicial case law taking account of the 
proportionality principle.
3.3.
The absence of such concept in the legislation can be compensated by existence of effective 
regulation and mechanisms of confiscation of assets of equivalent value in cases, when it is not 
possible to identify the proceeds of crime as a consequence of manipulation with the assets 
(attachment, transformation, intermingling, etc.). 
Recommendation 4
 
4.1.
Envisage effective safeguards in the legislation to protect the 
bona fide third parties’ rights
during 
the confiscation proceedings. T
he safeguards should: (а) cover by 
their scope the confiscation of 
both proceeds and instrumentalities of crimes, (b) be based on the criteria (objective and subjective) 
clearly defined by the law or stable judicial case law, and (c) include the procedural rights 


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(notification of measures against the property, participation in the proceedings, the right to be heard 
and adduce arguments, as well as to appeal the decisions on confiscation). 
Recommendation 5
 
5.1.
To take steps to fully 
criminalise acts specified in the United Nations Convention against 
Corruption
and to align the elements of corruption offences and money laundering with the 
international standards in this field in order to extend to them, in full, the legal regime of confiscation 
of instrumentalities and proceeds of crime and profits therefrom. 

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