Conduct of modern science– 2016 • Díl 1

MATERIALS OF THE XVI INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE ★ March 30 - April 7, 2020
V.S. Vinogradov first tried to present a general pun scheme. This scheme says 
that this literary device usually consists of two elements, each of which is a word or 
phrase. The first element is a certain lexical base of a pun, an element of support and a 
catalyst for the beginning word-play. This element can be taken as the lexical standard 
of "game instructions". This standard always meets the existing orthographic norms of 
the language and the orthoepic canons. The second element of the design is the "flip- 
flop", the resulting component, which is the apex, the peak of a pun. After this 
component is presented in speech and correlated with the standard word, the same 
humorous effect is born, which is the idea of the author.
The following criteria can be taken as the basis for many typologies of puns: 
the structure of a pun; functioning in the text; information content.[4,p.56]
One of the most complete typologies is represented by S. Vakhov. and Florin
C.K.
The criterion by which they distinguish puns is the way they function in the
text.
According to this typology, a pun can be:
a) speech flow. In this case, it is considered without separating it from the 
context on which its translation depends; this complicates the task of the translator, but 
at the same time serves as a scope for finding the most successful solution;
b) an independent work, a miniature related to the epigram.
c) heading. The pun-title is the ideological content of the work, expressing the 
exact intention of the author, and this, due to the lack of context, is quite difficult to 
convey when translating.[3,p.67]
S.N. Vlahov and S.K. Florin talk about the translation of two types of puns: 
lexical and phraseological.
The lexical puns are units that are built on the main lexical categories: 
polysemous words, homonyms, antonyms, terms, proper names and abbreviations, as 
well as puns built on parts of words.
The use of copyright neologisms in the text complicates the translation of 
lexical puns. A striking example is the translation of the neologisms of JK Rowling, 
author of the Harry Potter books. For example, Knockturn Alley, which sounds like 
nocturnally - nightly. At the same time, the word “knockturn” splits into knock - knock, 
blow, trouble, failure, and turn - turn, bend, rotation, circular motion. When translating,
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