When the HPA stress system is turned on and revved to go all the time, we are
always caught in that first half of the stress cycle. We unwittingly marinate in
those inflammatory chemicals for decades, which sets the stage for symptoms to
be at full throttle years down the road—in the form of irritable bowel syndrome,
autoimmune disease, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, fibroid tumors, ulcers, heart
disease, migraines, asthma, and cancer.
These changes that make us vulnerable to specific diseases are already evident
in
childhood. Joan Kaufman and her colleagues discovered, in the first study to
find such direct correlations, that children who had been neglected showed
significant epigenetic differences “across the entire genome” including in genes
implicated in cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
Yet by the time signs of an autoimmune condition creep up at forty or a heart
condition rears its head at fifty, we often can’t link what happened when we
were children to our adult illness. We become used to that old sense of
emotional stress, of not being okay. It just seems normal. We have a long daily
commute, a thirty-year mortgage, and our particular mix of family dynamics. We
generally deal and we’re usually okay. Then something minuscule happens: we
have an argument with our sister over something said at a family dinner; we get
a notice in the mail that our insurance isn’t going to cover a whopping medical
bill; the refrigerator tanks the day before a big dinner party; our boss approves a
colleague’s ideas in a meeting and ignores ours; a car honks long and hard as it
swerves from behind to cut in front of us on the freeway. We react to these
events as if they are a matter of life or death. We trigger easily. We begin to
realize that we’re not so fine.
An adult who came of age without experiencing traumatic childhood stress
might meet the same stressor and experience that same spike in cortisol, but once
that stressor has passed, he or she quickly returns to a state of rest and relaxation.
But if we had early trauma, our adult HPA stress axis can’t distinguish between
real danger and perceived stress. Each time we get sidetracked by a stressful
event, it sends split-second signals that cause our immune system to rev into
high gear. We get that adrenaline rush but the genes that should tell our stress
system to return to a state of rest and relaxation don’t do their job.
Over days and years, the disparity between a long “cortisol recovery” period
and a short one makes a significant, life-changing difference in the number of
hours we spend marinating in our own inflammatory stress hormones. And over
time, that can deeply distort your life.
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