Childhood Disrupted- how your biography becomes your biology, and how you can heal

Q
qigong, 
169
R
Race to Nowhere,
 
132
Rains, Mark, 
257
n
Raison, Charles, 
172
Rashomon,
 
83
Reiki, 
180
relationships, 
143
–46, 
161
brain and, 
136
, 
137
, 
142
, 
145
–46
connecting and, 
184
–85
Georgia and, 
79
good vs. bad interactions in, 
214
John and, 
7
, 
134
–36, 
143
Kat and, 
142
–43, 
167
unhealthy, entering or staying in, 
139
reliable adults, 
71
–72, 
74
, 
220
–23
REM sleep, 
199
, 
200
, 
201
resilience, 
60
, 
65
–66, 
74
–75, 
81
, 
151
, 
172
, 
224
childhood challenges that foster, 
xvii
, 
207
–9
reliable adult and, 
71
–72
wobble and, 
60
–61, 
63
, 
65
–66
resilience score, 
154
–57
Ressler, Kerry, 
110
–11

---

rheumatoid arthritis, 
98
, 
99
Rosenthal, Michele, 
32
–34, 
46
, 
194
–97
alertness of, 
39
, 
40
hypnosis and, 
194
–96
rule-braking, 
213
S
SAFE, 
130
safe,
 in four S’s, 
210
Salzberg, Sharon, 
169
Sapolsky, Robert, 
31
, 
115
Schiller, Daniela, 
198
, 
261
n
schizophrenia, 
48
, 
51
, 
124
school, 
129
, 
131
–34
mindfulness in, 
223
–25
stress from, 
132
–34, 
223
–24
tests in, 
133
, 
134
, 
224
secrets, 
67
–68, 
71
, 
151
, 
217
secure,
 in four S’s, 
210
seen,
 in four S’s, 
210
Seery, Mark D., 
63
–66, 
74
self, sense of, 
137
–38, 
142
, 
228
self-awareness, 
171
sensitivity hypothesis, 
75
–78, 
80
–81
serotonin, 
75
–76, 
182
, 
183
, 
251
n
sexual abuse, 
11
, 
25
, 
31
, 
74
, 
108
, 
111
, 
241
–42n
incest, 
104
shame, 
25
, 
68
, 
70
, 
141
, 
151
Shapiro, Francine, 
198
–203
shiatsu massage, 
180
Shonkoff, Jack, 
66
, 
72
, 
220
, 
232
siblings, 
129
loss of, 
31
Siegel, Bernie, 
157
–58, 
160
, 
179
–80, 
192
–93, 
221
, 
228
Siegel, Dan, 
52
–53, 
54
, 
138
, 
163
, 
170
–72, 
204
–5, 
207
, 
208
, 
210
, 
211
, 
212
, 
216
, 
221
Silver, Margery, 
60
Sjögren’s syndrome, 
99
, 
100
, 
102
sleep:
brain wash in, 
262
n
REM, 
199
, 
200
, 
201
smoking, 
15
social engagement behaviors, 
210
social pain, 
130
, 
223
Solomon, Andrew, 
227
–28
Somatic Experiencing (SE), 
188
–92
Somatic Experiencing Trauma Institute, 
189
soothing, 
213
in four S’s, 
210
Sotomayor, Sonia, 
62
Steindl-Rast, David, 
215
–16
Stephen, 
54
–56, 
109
–10
asthma of, 
55
Stevens, Jane, 
157
, 
225
, 
233
–34, 
257
n

---

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), 
33
stomachaches, 
128
“Stop, Look, Go” method, 
215
–16
stress, 
15
, 
16
, 
38
, 
65
, 
161
adult support and, 
72
, 
74
brain and, 
28
, 
29
, 
35
–36, 
122
–23
in children, damaging nature of, 
31
–32
chronic, 
30
–31, 
37
, 
133
chronic unpredictable, 
41
–43, 
50
–52, 
57
, 
60
, 
66
, 
122
–23, 
138
, 
153
chronic unpredictable toxic, 
see
 Chronic Unpredictable Toxic Stress
downshifted response to, 
30
empathic, 
125
genetics and, 
75
–78
inflammation and, 
29
–32
mindfulness-based reduction of, 
161
, 
162
, 
168
, 
169
, 
224
moderate, 
66
normative, 
66
of parents, children’s absorbing of, 
124
–27
of parents, children’s physical health and, 
127
–28
perception of, 
81
–82
predictable, 
42
rebounding from, 
140
reversing damage of, 
58
–59
school, 
132
–34, 
223
–24
in teens, 
132
–34
in women vs. men, 
103
stress axis, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal, 
29
–32, 
37
, 
38
, 
76
, 
124
, 
211
stress hormones, 
xv
, 
30
, 
31
, 
36
–38, 
42
, 
66
, 
76
, 
161
, 
162
cortisol, 
29
, 
30
, 
36
, 
38
, 
46
, 
77
, 
100
–101, 
112
, 
124
, 
133
, 
161
Stress in America, 
132
stress response, 
35
–37, 
46
, 
185
, 
211
, 
246
n
fight-or-flight, 
29
, 
36
, 
87
, 
101
, 
105
, 
128
, 
138
, 
178
as helpful, 
82
resetting, 
151
sensitivity gene and, 
76
toxic, 
66
–67
stroke, 
16
, 
32
substance abuse, 
see
 addiction
suicide, 
48
, 
157
Suomi, Stephen, 
251
n
synaptic connections, 
24
, 
51
, 
52
, 
57
, 
84
, 
142
, 
151
, 
171
, 
172
, 
206
T
tai chi, 
169
–70
Tartt, Donna, 
145
teenagers:
parenting of, 
121
and pressure to perform, 
132
stress in, 
132
–34
see also
 puberty and adolescence
telomeres, 
16
testosterone, 
103
tests, 
133
, 
134
, 
224

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Theory of Desirable Difficulty, 
62
Theory of Everything, 
24
–25, 
58
, 
229
Therapeutic Touch, 
180
therapy, 
153
, 
186
–88, 
195
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing and, 
198
–201
thyroiditis, 
94
, 
98
, 
100
Tolstoy, Leo, 
28
Tough, Paul, 
208
toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome (TENS), 
33
toxic stress, chronic unpredictable, 
see
 Chronic Unpredictable Toxic Stress
toxic stress response, 
66
–67
Trauma Release Exercises (TRE), 
178
–79
U
ulcers, 
32
, 
37
, 
42
, 
114
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 
182
University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), 
16
, 
125
–26
University of Cambridge, 
25
–26
University of Haifa, 
124
–25
University of Minnesota, 
143
University of Rochester, 
262
n
University of Western Ontario, 
137
, 
197
University of Wisconsin, 
36
U.N. Rights of the Child, 
233
V
vagus nerve, 
210
–11
van der Kolk, Bessel, 
103
–4
violence, 
xviii
, 
25
, 
31
, 
72
, 
233
vipassana
 meditation, 
164
, 
166
, 
168
, 
169
visualization, 
192
–94, 
195
vitiligo, 
44
, 
45
, 
179
Vulnerability Hypothesis, 
77
–78, 
80
W
Warner, Priscilla, 
69
–71
EMDR therapy and, 
202
panic attacks of, 
70
–71, 
202
Washington Post
, 
18
Waters, Sara, 
125
–27
Werner, Emmy, 
257
n
Whitaker, Robert, 
225
Williamson, David, 
242
n
Wisconsin Study of Families and Work, 
104
wobble, 
60
–61, 
63
, 
65
–66
women, 
89
–113
ACE Scores in, 
104
anxiety in, 
96
, 
104
, 
107
autoimmune disease in, 
96
–104, 
112
–13
childhood adversity in, 
96
chronic and ill-defined health problems in, 
96
–97, 
103
depression in, 
48
, 
96
, 
97
, 
104
, 
107
, 
110
–13
physiological differences between men and, 
100

---

stress and, 
and vulnerability of girls’ brains, 
–9
World Health Organization,
, 
, 
,
writing, 
–60
Y
Yale School of Medicine,
yoga, 

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Copyright © 2015 by Donna Jackson Nakazawa
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Designed by Kyoko Watanabe
Jacket design by Philip Pascuzzo
Author photograph by Shunichi Takashima
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nakazawa, Donna Jackson.
Childhood disrupted : how your biography becomes your biology, and how you can heal / Donna
Jackson Nakazawa.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Psychic trauma in children. 2. Adult child abuse victims—Mental health. 3. Posttraumatic stress
disorder. 4. Parent and child. I. Title.
RJ506.P66N35 2015
618.92’8521—dc23
2015009059
ISBN 978-1-4767-4835-1
ISBN 978-1-47674837-5 (ebook)

---

Document Outline

• INTRODUCTION
• TAKE THE ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES (ACE) SURVEY
• PART I
• How It Is We Become Who We Are
• CHAPTER ONE : Every Adult Was Once a Child
  • The Philosophical Physicians
  • Time Does Not Heal All Wounds
  • The Body Remembers—and Will Tell Its Tale
  • The New Theory of Everything
  • Even “Mild” Childhood Adversity Matters
• CHAPTER TWO : Different Adversities Lead to Similar Health Problems
  • How Your Biography Becomes Your Biology
  • Why Stress Is More Damaging to a Child
  • Medical Adverse Experience
  • Flipping Crucial Genetic Switches
  • The Ever-Alert Child
  • The Rattled Cage
  • The Difficulty of Not Knowing
  • The Sadness Seed
  • How Early Adversity Changes the Shape and Size of the Brain
  • The Inflamed Brain
  • A Perfect Storm: Childhood Stress, Brain Pruning, and Adolescence
  • The Walking Wounded
  • The Really Good News
• CHAPTER THREE : Why Do Some Suffer More than Others?
  • The Theory of Good Wobble
  • The Heavy Price We Pay for Secrets
  • The Power of Having Just One Reliable Adult
  • The Sensitivity Gene
  • The Perception Puzzle
  • Rashomon Revisited—or How We Remember
• CHAPTER FOUR : The Female Brain on Adversity: The Link to Autoimmune Disease, Depression, and Anxiety
  • Girls, Early Adversity, and the Autoimmune Connection
  • A Girl’s Brain Is a Vulnerable Brain—in Unique Ways
  • Girls and the Genetic Link Between Childhood Adversity and Adult Depression
• CHAPTER FIVE : The Good Enough Family
  • When You Hope to Be a Better Parent than Your Parents Were
  • The Reactive Parent
  • It’s Hard to Give What Your Brain Never Received
  • How Children Absorb Their Parents’ Stress
  • Parental Stress Translates into a Child’s Pain
  • Nonparental Stressors: School and Friends
  • Early Biology Affects Later Relationships
  • The Neurobiology of Love
  • Attachment to Others Is a Biological Process
• PART II
• Recovering from Post Childhood Adversity Syndrome: How Do We Come Back to Who We Really Are?
• CHAPTER SIX : Beginning Your Healing Journey
  • A Healing Journey: Twelve Steps to Help You Come Back to Who You Really Are
  • 1. Take the ACE Survey
  • 2. Find Out Your Resilience Score
  • 3. Write to Heal
  • 4. Draw It
  • 5. Mindfulness Meditation—the Best Method for Repairing the Brain
  • 6. Tai Chi and Qigong
  • 7. Mindsight
  • 8. Loving-kindness
  • 9. Forgiveness
  • 10. Mending the Body, Moving the Body
  • 11. Managing the Mind Through the Gut
  • 12. Only Connect
• CHAPTER SEVEN : Seeking Professional Help to Heal from Post Childhood Adversity Syndrome
  • 1. Therapy Matters
  • 2. Somatic Experiencing
  • 3. Guided Imagery, Creative Visualization, and Hypnosis
  • 4. Neurofeedback
  • 5. EMDR and Desensitizing Memory
• CHAPTER EIGHT: Parenting Well When You Haven’t Been Well Parented: Fourteen Strategies to Help You Help Your Children
  • 1. Manage Your Own “Baggage”
  • 2. Don’t Confuse Chronic Unpredictable Toxic Stress with Childhood Challenges that Foster Resilience
  • 3. Instill the Four S ’s in Your Children
  • 4. Look into Your Child’s Eyes
  • 5. If You Lose It, Apologize—Right Away
  • 6. Validate and Normalize All of Your Child’s Emotions
  • 7. Amplify the Good Feelings
  • 8. Stop, Look, Go
  • 9. Give a Name to Difficult Emotions
  • 10. The Incredible Power of the Twenty-Second Hug
  • 11. Make “What’s Happening” a Safe and Open Conversation
  • 12. Reframe Stories of Intergenerational Trauma
  • 13. A Child Needs a Reliable Adult or Mentor
  • 14. Bring Mindfulness into Schools
• IN CONCLUSION
  • New Medical Horizons
  • Hopeful Frontiers in Pediatric Medicine
• LET’S CONTINUE THE CONVERSATION ABOUT ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
• ABOUT DONNA JACKSON NAKAZAWA
• NOTES
• RESOURCES AND FURTHER READING
• INDEX