2. Don’t Confuse Chronic Unpredictable Toxic Stress with Childhood Challenges that Foster
Resilience
The most reliable way to raise a child to become a brave, kind, resilient, and
curious adult is to ensure that when he or she is young, there is as little chronic,
unpredictable stress as possible. We need to distinguish between the kind of
adversity that harms and the kind that helps make children ready to hold their
own in a tough world. We need to balance between protecting them and pushing
them a little so that they can survive out there.
Paul Tough writes in his book
How Children Succeed
that at the same time
that we want to shield our kids, we also have to provide discipline, rules, limits.
Every child needs some “child-sized adversity, a chance to fall and get back up
again on his own, without help.” The long struggle we face as parents, Tough
says, is “between our urge to provide everything for our child, to protect him
from all harm, and our knowledge that if we really want him to succeed, we need
to first let him fail. Or more precisely, we need to help him learn to manage
failure.”
Dan Siegel puts it this way: It’s your job to provide a balanced approach. You
lend support while supporting separation, providing a safe haven while also
encouraging exploration.
While you protect your children from harm, you also want them to learn to
handle adversity, deal with hardship, disappointments, losses. They need a little
grit. Again, kids need to develop a sense of inner resilience in order to have
wobble, in order not to be toppled by life.
On the one hand you cannot, nor should you try to, protect your kids from
everything. You have to differentiate between safe and unsafe struggles. If your
child is struggling with getting chores or homework problems done, or arguing
with a sibling, you can support him with advice while not stepping in to take
care of his problem or do his chore for him.
For instance, if your child’s teacher calls your child out for turning in
homework late, or not preparing for a test, or he keeps getting up late and
missing the bus, he has to face the consequences, and learn from the experience.
He has to dig deep and do whatever he needs to do to be prepared, catch the bus,
shift his habits in ways that create the scaffolding for his own future success.
You’ll do little good to march in to demand why the teacher is being so hard on
your child or ask if he can retake the test. You deprive your child of learning
how to self-advocate and manage mild adversity, find his or her own sense of
mastery, and get up and rebound from failure.
If your child says, “I left my homework in my locker and have a test
tomorrow,” avoid giving negative predictions (“Well, you will fail that test,
won’t you!”) or immediate solutions (“I’ll call the teacher!”). Instead, you might
say, “It sounds like you have a problem. I know you can handle it. What are your
options?”
Adversity in and of itself is not the problem. Adversity—and failure—are
facts of human life. They are how we learn. Let your child learn competence by
solving her own child-sized or teen-sized problems.
A little bit of failure and grit in the face of a challenge is a good thing, but if
your child is facing bullying; struggling with a learning disability or emotional
health problem; experimenting with health-risk behaviors such as sex, drugs, or
alcohol; or facing emotional or physical abuse of any sort, it’s your job as a
parent to step in.
Moreover, when loved and trusted adults in a child’s life
are
the adversity—
when we confuse parental humiliation, put-downs, teasing, silent treatments,
name calling, yelling and screaming, emotional and physical neglect,
emotionally erratic outbursts, or fits with “toughening her up” or “making a man
of him”—then
we
are our child’s source of stress. Chronic, toxic criticism and
humiliation are the kinds of unpredictable childhood adversity that lead to
lifelong immune dysfunction and health challenges, as well as a permeating,
lifelong sense of emotional loss.
Toxic stress doesn’t give our kids grit; it hurts their bodies and brains,
reducing their well-being for life. It doesn’t make them stronger or tougher; it
breaks down the bodily systems that would help them to be physically and
emotionally strong.
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