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«Молодой учёный» . № 28 (370) . Июль 2021 г.
География
with an area of responsibility for planning and managing water 
resources defined by the river basin. It has established six Sub-
basin Agencies which carry out delegated functions on behalf of 
the basin agency. The River Basin Organization (RBO) design 
provides for a River Basin Council which is to act as the main 
decision making and coordinating agency for water resources in 
the river basin. The Council is to guide the water management 
actions of the River Basin Agency (in this case, the Panj Amu 
River Basin Agency). As yet, the Council is not formed and thus 
the RBO is developing, but not yet fully formed.
Figure 1. 
Panj-Amu River Basin Map
Water allocation
Water allocation is the process of sharing water among 
groups of water users and individual water users within these 
groups. The water users in the groups may be categorized by 
the uses to which water is to be applied, such as environmental 
maintenance, town water supply, irrigation of annual crops, 
irrigation of permanent crops such as orchards, hydropower 
and water use in industry and mining. The priority of water use 
by such groups is set out in the Water Act.
Water stress can limit land capability, re- duce agricultural 
production, and subsequently amplify the volatility of 
agricultural commodity prices, adding to challenges in 
realizing sustain- able rural community. Water stress can also 
in- duce environmental externalities, and these externalities, 
in turn, affect economic sectors and the natural environment 
significantly (Hoekstra 2014; IPCC 2014). Discourses on water 
scarcity are key to shape people's understanding of its causes, 
consequences, and interaction among stakeholders (Hussein, 
H., Alatout, Feitelson, E 2002).
There are two aspects to water allocation:
1. River basin planning in which water availability is 
balanced against water demands over a long time period; and
2. Annual or seasonal water allocation where water demands 
are managed to balance against forecast water availability for a 
12 month period or shorter.
In both cases, the water balance between supply and demand 
must be made for the entire hydrologic unit (usually a river 
basin) and must be made at an appropriate time scale (usually 
not more than a month) to allow for the variability in water 
supply. Water demands need to be separated into different 
categories which consider their sensitivity and ability to be 
managed when restrictions in supply are imposed. Water supply 
estimates need to consider the ability of infrastructure to «time-
shift» water through the use of storage.
Once the balance of supply and demand through the water 
season is determined, the management task is to allocate 
equitable amounts to water user groups and then to individual 
water users within these groups. There are several important 
tasks in this management process:
— Informing water users of the water supply and demand 
forecasts and the need for management control
— Monitoring the water sharing arrangements, updating 
the forecasts, re-calculating the water sharing arrangements 
and re-announcing the water shares
— Policing the announced water shares
Clearly the underlying task in this management is 
involvement of the water using community and communicating 
and gaining agreement to the whole water allocation process.
It is good to have high-quality discharge data available 
for our rivers, and meteorological data, but in case of non-
availability or data gaps the studies confirm that satellite rainfall 
data can be used as a source of meteorological data which are 
important for river basin planning and management studies 
(Bl
ö
schl et al. 2013). Even in the recent periods using of the 
collected data as remote and satellite precipitation products are 
increased (N
ä
schen et al. 2018, Oduor et al. 2020; Pellarin et al. 

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