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“Mentalistic” (“psychological”) view of the phoneme



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eumk teoreticheskaya fonetika 2014

“Mentalistic” (“psychological”) view of the phoneme
– the “mentalistic” or 
“psychological” view regards the phoneme as an ideal “mental image” or a target at which the 
speaker aims. Actually pronounced speech sounds are imperfect realizations of the phoneme 
existing in the mind but not in the reality. Allophones of the same phoneme cannot be alike because 
of the influence of the phonetic context. 
Minimal pair
– a pair of words or morphemes which are differentiated by one sound only in 
the same position. The pair pill – bill is minimal, because its members are differentiated due to /p – 
b/ phonemes, their fortis /p/ lenis /b/ distinctions. 
Model of a phonetic style
– the set of stylistically marked modifications of all the prosodic 
features represents the model of a particular phonetic style. 
Modifications of sounds
– positional and combinatory changes of sounds in connected 
speech. 
Monophthong
– a vowel articulated when the tongue position is stable, in this case the 
articulated vowel is pure, it consists of one element; a vowel in which there is no change in quality 
during a syllable, as in English [ɑ:] in 
father
. Cf. 
diphthong
. English monophthongs are /ɪ, e, ӕ, ɑ:, 
ɒ, ʊ, ʌ, ɜ:, ə/ 
Monotone
– equal tone, lacking the necessary variations in the voice pitch. 
Morphonology (Morphophonemics)
– the branch of phonetics which studies the 
relationship between phonemes and morphemes. It is concerned with the way in which sounds can 
alternate as different realization of one and the same morpheme. 
Motor theory of speech perception 
– the notion that listeners perceive some aspects of an 
utterance by reference to their own activities, considering what they would have to do in order to 
make similar sounds. 

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