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Practical significance of the research: The scientific proposals and practical recommendations developed as a result of the research can be used to contribute to the development of lexicology and lexicons and comparative analysis.
Structure of the dissertation: The dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusions and recommendations, a list of references and appendices. The volume of the dissertation is 92 pages.
CHAPTER I. THEORITICAL BACKGROUNDS OF LEXICONS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
1.1-§. The role of lexicons in developing lexicology
Lexicons play a crucial role in expanding the branches and features of lexicology in linguistics, according to the development of lexicology. From this plan of the dissertation, we found it helpful when the information about the notion of lexicon and its’ features would be supplied. In this approach, a new formulation of conceptually grounded meaning relations is offered by the development of specific well-defined relations over a natural language's vocabulary. The logical frameworks of language meanings across phrase and discourse contexts constrain these relationships. One of the most significant advantages of such meaning relations is that they are not determined by or dependent on a language's syntactic structure. Moreover, one can be informed about how the usefulness of a kind of conceptually based characterization of linguistic meaning for its relevance to computational language processing.
The term «lexicon» was first used to describe a list of morphemes in a specific language, as opposed to a word list. As the principles of transformational generative grammar grew in popularity, some academics began to view the lexicon as a component of the generative language model that served as a grammar auxiliary. The term - the lexicon was defined as a list of meaningful units that could be identified in a syntactic chain, while the lexicon was defined as a list of meaningful units that could be identified in a syntactic chain morpho - lexical norms govern indivisible finite items. Later, together with the transformational rules that operate the initial dictionary units, lexis was included in the so-called «basic component» of a language. The incorporation of words was thought to occur in the final step, once the issue of sentence phrasal markers had been resolved, and the rules of transcription of these symbols resulted in their replacement with specific lexemes (according to the categorical meanings of the latter). To complete this phase, the speaker must recollect units from memory that reflect his or her concepts. As a result, the lexical component began to be treated as a lexicon, with no distinction established between the dictionary and its mirror in consciousness.
Later study emphasized that words are tools of organizing experience, with the set of properties linked with the term accounting for the majority of it. These types of investigations set the foundation for the development of a cognitive approach to the analysis of the "brain lexicon". C. Osgood's focus to discovering the lexicon's internal (categorical) structure and identifying the peculiarities of its development in children had a profound impact on lexicon concepts 14. The results of experimental research were published with an emphasis on the connotative meaning of words as well as the combined verbal and cognitive structure. The lexicon was mentioned as one of the most important mechanisms of cognitive information processing linked to the level of representation and responsible for recoding in two directions: from perceived units – percepts (perceptive and language signs) to meanings, and from intentions to the activity program (language or other). Rather than “storage” the lexicon is a process15. The lexicon comprises a significant number of linkages between signs and codes of semantic qualities.
Many proponents of generative grammar have been studying the problem of word synthesis, or the building of words from semantic properties, since the mid-1960s. This means that a word is made up of components rather than being copied. When a sentence concept is created, it is first given a semantic representation, and then, if a certain configuration of semantic elements corresponds to the semantic representation of lexical units, it is given a phonological form. During that time, the mental lexicon (lingua mentalis) was proposed, which consists of nonverbal components of the conceptual system such as images, schemes of action, gestalts, and pictures on the one hand, and the linguistic lexicon on the other, where concepts and notions have verbal form. The idea that words are synthesized in the lexicon rather than just stored came from a proposal that the thought is produced in the word and not given previously. Furthermore, because the concept groups are so closely related to sign language, they do not require synthesis and exist as gestalts.
Cognitive scientists are those who study the lexicon of the Soviet period in Russia. They believed that the world and its projections were in the human brain, and that the world's reflection refracted as a unified conceptual system with images, concepts, and notions had a powerful verbalized component (proper lexicon). While language did not reflect the world in any manner, it did give a sense of it by verbalizing (symbolizing) particular world notions gained through active world cognition.
Thus, the lexicon concepts that have acquired a linguistic form and meaning are employed for two purposes: representation of the contents of a single quant of information about the world, and storage, accumulation, and subsequent use of that information. Words facilitate the easy and natural integration of two types of knowledge, or levels of consciousness: verbal and nonverbal. They serve as tools for detecting the object in issue among a large number of others, as well as audibly identifying it in following speech. A word is the body of the sign for an idea or a collection of concepts, acting as a carrier of a specific amount of data given to its shell in the process of nominating a specific object.
Simultaneously, when consciousness is triggered, it acts as an operator, bringing to life a chain of complex associations of any length. In normal communication, a word (particularly in the identifying position) is employed with the goal of communicating segregated knowledge; the operational role of the word also includes "matching" of the speaker's knowledge with that of his/her partner.
It is important to note that some researchers regard the lexicon as a dynamic functional system that organizes itself as a result of continual interaction between the processing and structuring of the verbal experience and its results, rather than as a passive repository of facts about language. The new in the verbal experience that goes beyond the system causes it to be restructured; each subsequent system status serves as a comparison point in the verbal experience's further processing.
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