Other optimisation measures
Research work was not restricted to developing new or different materials for electro deposition
primers – ways of improving the process itself were also explored. Some advantages in the homo-
geneity of primer layers were gained by the roto dipping process in which the car bodies, mounted
transversely on a spit, were continually rotated as they were carried through the various steps
of pre-treatment, rinsing, dipping and – most importantly – stoving
[65]
. It not only improved the
homogeneity of primer films, it also boosted the throwing power by effectively covering surfaces
in hollow spaces. While used by some car makers, it was very expensive to rotate the car bodies
throughout the various steps. Most car makers therefore focused on the products as a way of
improving the process.
As the problems persist to this day, though, the idea has arisen that electro deposition primers
might be dispensed with totally, the reason being the increasing use of other materials in car body
production, e.g. aluminium, magnesium and plastic. Plans and trials are in hand aimed at making
entire car bodies from pre-coated panels (coil coating) or exclusively from plastics (see Chapter 7).
3.4.4 Requirements and properties
The requirements imposed on an electro deposition primer relate to the primer material, the appli-
cation behaviour and the film properties. The primer material must be stable in the dipping tank.
There must be no settling, no aging, and no sensitivity to microorganisms. During application, the
primer must provide optimum wetting, levelling, edge covering, and throwing power. After film
formation, the primer has to offer adhesion, flexibility, resistance to corrosion and other influences.
The stability of the dipping tank has been covered under application conditions (see Chapter 3.4.6).
To avoid
settling
, functional pigments are added to the primer to control the rheology. Neverthe-
less, the tank material still needs to be continually circulated. In the laboratory, settling behaviour
is tested by storing the thinned tank material in a glass cylinder under defined conditions (tempera-
ture, time) and observing the results. Electro deposition primer materials nowadays contain very
little or no solvents, and no hazardous components, such as active corrosion protection pigments:
they contain only water as solvent, and relatively inert pigments. The raw materials and tanks are
therefore at risk of contamination by microorganisms. The raw materials and products need to be
protected. Of course, the additives selected for protection must neither be hazardous nor cause new
environmental pollution. The types and quantities of
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