Automotive Coatings Formulation: Chemistry, Physics und Practices



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Automotive Coatings Formulation Ulrich Poth - Chemistry, Physics und Practices (2008, Vincentz Network) - libgen.li

values (application): 
solid (15‘ 165°C) 
68.4 %
PVC 
20.4 %
alkyd/melamine resin 
75 : 25
pos. 
 
pos.
01 + 06: Setal 84 XX 70 (Nuplex) 
07
Setal 90084 BX 67 (Nuplex)
02
SER-AD FA 501 (Condea Servo) 
08:
Setamine US 138 BB-70 (Nuplex)
03
Kronos 2310 (Kronos) 
09
Byk 301 (Byk)
06
Solvesso 150 (Exxon)
Topcoats


136
by way of levelling agent, and a quantity of crystalline urea by way of rheological additive. The 
crystalline urea results from the reaction of two moles of benzylamine with one mole of hexam-
ethylene diisocyanate. Preparation consists in precipitating the crystals in some of the alkyd resin 
under high shear.
The application viscosity is adjusted with a thinner that contains xylene, a high-boiling aromatic 
solvent (e.g. Aromatic 100) and butanol (mixing ratios are 75:20:5). The application viscosity is 
28 s (DIN cup 4 at
 
23 °C equivalent to ISO cup108 s). For tests, the thinned topcoat
 
is pneumatically 
sprayed onto primed panels and flashed-off briefly. Stoving conditions are 30 minutes at
 
135 °C.
3.6.4 Application
On assembly lines, topcoats are sprayed pneumatically from high-efficiency spray guns. However, 
application by automatic electrostatic spray equipment, which offers much superior transfer 
efficiencies, is more common. The usual stoving conditions are 15 to 30 minutes at
 
145 to 130 °C. 
The resultant layer thicknesses of the topcoats are 35 to 45 µm.
3.6.5 Topcoats with reduced VOC emissions
As already mentioned, the application solids of conventional solvent-borne topcoats is 45 to 55 % by 
weight. It is possible to increase the application solids to 55 to 65 % by weight. As a result, the quan-
tity of solvents that evaporates from a white topcoat
 
with a dry film thickness of 40 µm decreases 
from 55.7 g solvent/m
2
to 35.6 g solvent/m
3
, representing a reduction of 36 % on the original level. 
This calculation is based on average densities of 1.3 g/cm
3
for the resins, 0.87 g/m
3
for the solvents 
and 4.0 g/m
3
for the pigment. It makes no allowance for transfer efficiency. Remarkably, the transfer 
efficiency of high-solid paints is in 
theory lower than that of low-solids 
paints. The reason is that
 
the over-
spray of high-solid paints contains 
more film forming material.
Finally, the use of water-borne top-
coats yields a greater reduction in 
emissions of volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs). Figure 3.6.17 com-
pares the volume ratios of binder, 
pigment, solvents (with weight 
quantities in figures) and water 
in white topcoats that yielded dry 
films 40 µm thick. 
The weights of the topcoats shown 
in Figure 3.6.17 are expressed as 
weight ratios in Table 3.6.5.
The calculation is based on the 
values used in the previous calcu-
lation. The pigment density is 4.0 g/
cm
3
, average density is 1.3 g/cm
3
for 
resins, 0.87 g/cm
3
for solvents, and 
1.00 g/cm
3
for water. However, for 
the co-solvent in the water-borne 
topcoat,
 
the density was taken as 
0.94 g/cm
3
.
Figure 3.6.17: Volume ratios and VOC content of conventional, 
high-solid and water-borne topcoats
Automotive OEM coatings


137
Table 3.6.5: Weight amounts and VOC of conventional, high-solid, and water-borne topcoats

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