Article in e ğ itim ve Bilim · September 020 doi: 10. 15390/EB. 2020. 9015 citation reads 941 authors: Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects



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An Action Research on Improving Fluent Reading Ski

Repeated reading.
This strategy is based on reading a short and meaningful text repeatedly as 
a group or individually until it is read fluently. It requires the individual with reading difficulty to read 
the text more than once under the guidance of a fluent reader. After repeating reading systematically, a 
decrease in reading errors, an increase in the interest towards reading, and an improvement in reading 
comprehension occur (Bulut, 2016; Huang, Nelson, & Nelson, 2008; Therrien & 
Kubina, 2006; Yılmaz, 
2008). For example, in a study by Yılmaz and Köksal (2008) with four third
-grade primary school 
students with reading difficulties, repetitive reading activities were performed on 24 second-grade level 
narrative texts based on four hours per week for each student. The study concluded that this strategy 
significantly improved the reading comprehension skills of participating students. 
Paired reading.
Paired reading is a type of reading done with the help of a professional or a 
volunteer with some training in reading and is considered to be a strategy that readers of all ages can 
use (Akyol, 2013). A family member, a teacher, or a good-reading peer can be paired with the individual 
who needs assistance in reading. In this strategy, first, a text that is slightly above the level of the reader 
is selected, and then reading aloud is performed. If the reader has even the slightest difficulty, the 
partner gets involved in the process immediately, and after the reading difficulty gets eliminated, the 
act of reading is resumed. 
Echo reading.
Echo reading is based on the teacher’s reading of words, sentences, or short 
paragraphs aloud, and of students’ echoing them back in the same way (Tankersley, 2003, 2005). Echo 
reading is a profitable strategy as it allows one to focus on how his/her sound should be used during 
reading. For example, based on using echo reading in their study with a fourth-grade primary school 
student experiencing reading difficulty, Duran and Sezgin (2012) reported that this strategy reduced 
reading aloud mistakes by 57%, increased the word recognition rate from 90% to 98%, and improved 
the level of comprehension from 15% to 85%. 

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