Ann has lost her passport – Anna pasportini yo’qotdi

Present Perfect asosan ever va never so’zlari bilan keladi. Never inkor gaplarda ishlatilmaydi

3. 
   Yanglik va o’zgarishlarni aytishda Present Perfect ishlatamiz.
   

• 
  I have bought a car- Men mashina sotvoldim.(Bu yanglik aytilyabdi ya’ni men sotvoganim aytayotgan odamim uchun yanglik sababi o’tgan hafta menda mashina yo’q edi hozir menda mashina bor.)
  
• 
  Abror has broken his leg- Abror oyog’ini sindirib oldi(Kecha oyogi yaxshi edi hozir esa yomon)
  
• 
  The price has gone up- Narxlar oshdi(Buyerda o’zgarishni aytishda ishlatilyabdi buni chizma qilib tushintirib beraman)
  

The price has gone up- Narxlar oshdi
past	present	future
+	-
The price was 1$ yesterday. Kecha narx 1$ edi	It is 1.5$ today. Bugun narx 1.5 $

• 
  My English has really improved- Mening ingliz tilim haqiqatan ham yaxshilandi
  

4. 
   Tugamagan vaqt ko’rsatkichlar(this month, this week, today) bilan ishlatamiz
   

• 
  I haven't seen her this month. - Men bu oyda uni ko'rmadim.
  
• 
  I've already moved house twice this year! - Men bu yil ikki marta bu uyga ko'chib o'tdim!
  

5. 
   Biz Present Perfectni o’tgan zamonda boshlangan va hozirgacha davom etib kelyotgan ish-harakatlar uchun ishlatamiz. Bunda qancha vaqtdan beri davom etayotgani aytish uchun bizga for va since kerak bo’ladi. For va since uzbek tiliga dan beri deb tarjima qilnadi.
   

• 
  I've known Karen since 1994- Men Karenni 1994 yildan beri bilaman
  
• 
  She's lived in London for three years.- U 3 yildan beri Londonda yashaydi
  
• 
  I've worked here for six months – Men buyerda 6 oydan beri ishlayman
  

• 
  For – dan beri.. degan ma’no beradi va ish-harakatni qanchdan beri davom etayotgani bildiradi. For ish-hakarakti qanchadan beri davom etayotgani miqdorini bildiradi.for two days- 2 kun, for 40 years - 40 yildan beri. For miqdorini bildiradi
  
• 
  Since- dan beri degan ma’no beradi va ish-harakatni qachon boshlangani bildiradi. Since 1995- 1995 yildan beri, since April- Apreldan beri. Since faqat Perfect zamonlarda ishlatiladi.
  

For	Since
Vaqt davri(miqdori)	Boshlanish nuqtasi
	X---------------
20 minutes	6.15pm
a long time	Monday
6 months	January

6. 
   Present Perfect ko‘pincha quyidagi ravishlar bilan ishlatiladi: ever biror vaqt, never hech qachon, often tez-tez, ko‘pincha, already allaqachon, yet hali, allaqachon, lately yaqinda, just hozirgina.
   

• 
  I have never read that book.- Men u kitobni hech qachon o‘qiganim yo‘q.
  
• 
  He hasn’t finished his work yet.- U hali ishini tugatgan emas.
  

7. 
   Been yoki Gone
   

Biz Been to’liq tugatilgan sayohatlar uchun ishlatamiz.Agar siz biror joyga borsangiz va keyin qaytsangiz buyerda Been ishlatasiz. Agar biror joyga borib uyga qaytmagan bo’lsangiz Gone ishlatasiz.

• 
  She's been to India – U Hindistonda bo’lgan.
  
• 
  She's gone to Moscow, she will be back next week.- U Moskvaga ketdi, u kelasi hafta qaytib keladi.
  

8. 
   Yana biz it’s the (first,second, third) time iborasi bilan ham ishlatamiz
   

• 
  it’s the second time he has phoned her– Bu ikkinchi marta qo’ng’iroq qilishi
  

Present Perfect or Past Simple?

• 
  Nega buni o’rganyabmiz deysizmi etibor bersangiz bu ikkita zamon bir biriga juda o’xshash ya’ni o’tgan zamonda sodir bo’lgan ish xarakat haqida gap ketadi. Tarjimasi ham bir-xil o’zbekchga di qo’shimchasiga to’g’ri keladi. Faqat berladigan ma’lumotga qay tomondan yondashishdan biroz farq qiladi.
  

• 
  He has lost his key
  
• 
  He lost his key
  

• 
  Tepadagi ikkita gapda ham bir xil ish xaqida ya’ni kalit yo’qolishi haqida ketyabdi ammo bu ikkita zamon bizga umuman boshqa manolarni beradi keling unda birichi misolni Present Perfectni ko’rib chiqamiz
  

I have lost my key

• 
  Bu gap bizga mening kalitini yo’qotganimni va hozir menda kalit yo’qligini bildiradi. Present Perfect doim bizga hozir haqida gapiradi va aytilgan ishning natijasi hozir bilan bog’liq bo’ladi
  

I lost my key

• 
  Bu misolda esa faqat bizga mening kalit yo’qotganim malum hozir u kalitni topganmi yo’qmi bunisi nomalum. O’tgan zamon faqat ish harakatni o’zni aytadi uning natijasi esa malum bo’lmaydi.
  

1. 
   Qachonki biz Present Perfectni holatlar uchun ishlatsak, bunda holat yakunlanmagan bo’ladi yakunlansa unda Past Simple ishlatamiz
   

• 
  I've had these skis for years.
  
• 
  I had those skis for years.
  

Birinchi misolda qarasak bunda menda chang’i bir necha yildan beri borligini va hozir ham menda borligini bildiradi. Ikkinchi misolda esa bir necha yillar menda bo’lganini hozir esa menda yo’qligini bildiradi…

2. 
   Biz takrorlanuvchi ish harakatlar uchun Perfectni ishlatsak bu o’sha ish harakat takrorlanishi mumkunligini bildiradi. O’tgan zamonda esa bu turdagi ishlar tugagani va yana takrorlanmasligini bildiradi
   

• 
  Munisa Rizayeva has acted in more than fifty films.
  

• 
  Munisa Rizayeva acted in more than fifty films.
  

Birichi misolda Munisa 50 filmda o’ynagani va hali karerasini yakunlamagani bildiradi va u yana boshqa filmlarda o’ynashi mumkun

Ikkinchi misolda esa Munisa boshqa filmlarda o’ynamasligi u o’lgan yoki karerasni yakunlagani bildiradi..

3. 
   Biz biror yangi malumotni Perfectda beramiz va malumot berishda davom etsa Past simple foydalanamiz Pastdagi misolda ham malumot Present Perfectda berilmoqda va malumotni detallari Past Simple berilmoqda.
   

• 
  There has been a serious accident on the M5. It happened at ten o'clock this morning near Preston when a lorry went out of control and collided with a car..
  

4. 
   This morning, this afternoon and today bu sozlar bilan ikkala zamon ham ishlatiladi ammo ozgina manoda farq boladi.
   

• 
  It has been windy this morning. (Tong tugamadi hozir tong)
  
• 
  It was windy this morning.–(Hozir abet yoki kechqurun)
  

Present Perfect | Nomozov Boysoat Page