O’tgan zamonda ma’lum paytgacha tugallangan ish-harakatni ifodalaydi.
Yordamchi fe’li: had; S + had + Ved (3)
+ I ] ? [I ] - I ]
He ] [He] He ]
She ] [She] She ]
It ] had written. Had [ It ] written? It ] had not written.
We ] [we ] We ]
You ] [you] You ]
They ] [They] They]
Payt ravishlari: by 5 o’cloсk (soat beshgacha); by Monday (dushanbagacha);by that time (o’sha vaqtgacha);scarcely (zo’rg’a, qiyinchilik bilan); barely (zo’rg’a, arang, bazo’r); hardly (zo’rg’a, bazo’r); no sooner (masdan); after ( -dan keyin ); before ( -dan oldin );by the end of 2017 ( 2017-yil oxirigacha ); by the end of the year
Payt ravishlari: by 5 o’cloсk (soat beshgacha); by Monday (dushanbagacha); by that time (o’sha vaqtgacha); scarcely (zo’rg’a, qiyinchilik bilan); barely (zo’rg’a, arang, bazo’r); hardly (zo’rg’a, bazo’r); no sooner (masdan); after ( -dan keyin ); before ( -dan oldin );by the end of 2017 ( 2017-yil oxirigacha ); by the end of the year
( yil oxirigacha ); by the 15 th of March ( 15-martgacha )
1) Past Simple bilan ifodalangan o’tgan zamondagi ikkinchi bir ish-harakatda tugallanganlik, bajarilganlik ma’nosi bo’lsa Past Perfectni ishlatamiz :
e.g. They had shipped the goods when you called. Siz qo’ng’iroq qilganda ular tovarlarni yuklab bo’lgan edilar.
e.g. We had not reached the station when it began to rain. Yomg’ir yog’a boshlaganda biz bekatga yetib bormagan edik.
2) After – dan keyin bilan bog’langan ergash gapda Past Perfect ishlatiladi:
After the sun had set we decided to return home. Quyosh botgandan keyin biz uyga qaytishga qaror qildik.
3) Before qatnashgan ergash gaplarda bosh gap Past perfect zamonida ergash gap esa Past Simple zamonida bo’ladi.