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Lesson 13. Antonyms

Module:	Vocabulary
Topic:	Antonyms
Time:	80 minutes
Aims Materials Aids	to analyse antonyms and their use; to develop practical understanding of key terms 1. Lewis, M (1997). Implementing the Lexical Approach. Hove: LTP. 2. McCarthy, M. and O’Dell, F (2004). English Vocabulary in Use. Upper-intermediate and advanced. Cambridge: CUP Text-books. charts, laptop with speakers, handouts

Lead-in (5 min.): Teacher asks the questions:

1. What is antonym?

Handout 1. About antonyms

A word that has the exact opposite meaning of another word is its antonym. Life is full of antonyms, from the "stop" and "go" of a traffic signal to side-by-side restroom doors labeled "men" and "women."

Most antonyms are pretty obvious, like "good" and "bad," or "black" and "white." Some words can be transformed into their antonyms simply by adding the prefixes "un," "in," or "non," as when "likable" is changed into its antonym, "unlikable." The word antonym itself takes the Greek word anti, meaning "opposite," and adds it to -onym, which comes from the Greek onoma, or "name." So antonym literally means "opposite-name."

Antonyms are divided in to several types:

1.gradable antonyms/pairs,

2.nongradable antonyms/complementaries,

3.reversives

4.converse pairs

1. gradable antonyms/pairs -They can be used in comparative constructions like bigger than or smaller than, etc.

2. nongradable antonyms/complementaries- The relation of oppositeness is that which holds between the pairs as single: married, man: woman, etc.

3. reversives-It is important to avoid most antonym pairs as one word meaning the negative of another.e.g.tie-untie.

4. converse pairs – Another kind of antonymy is forming converse pairs. e.g. Converseness is used to refer to the relationship between buy and sell.

Activity 1. Define whether these pairs are similar or opposite:

backdown - withdraw

baggy - ill-fitting

ban - permit

basic - fundamental

bearded - clean-shaven

bent - warped

bicker - argue

bitter - acrid

bleach - lighten

blunt - sharp

bother - harass

breathtaking - beautiful

broad-minded - prejudiced

brutally - cruelly

bully - terrorize

bury - uncover

bushy - well-kept

busy - idle

buy - purchase

bystander - participating

Answers:

backdown – withdraw (similar)

baggy - ill-fitting (similar)

ban – permit (opposite)

basic – fundamental (similar)

bearded - clean-shaven (opposite)

bent – warped (similar)

bicker – argue (similar)

bitter – acrid (similar)

bleach – lighten (similar)

blunt – sharp (opposite)

bother – harass (similar)

breathtaking – beautiful (similar)

broad-minded – prejudiced (opposite)

brutally – cruelly (similar)

bully – terrorize (similar)

bury – uncover (opposite)

bushy - well-kept (opposite)

busy – idle (opposite)

buy – purchase (similar)

bystander - participating(opposite)

Activity 2. Fill in the blanks in each sentence below with the correct pair of
antonyms. Choose from the antonym list below.

include - exclude

allow - refuse

sad - cheerful

bold - timid

straight - crooked

past - future

notice - ignore