Andijan state university faculty of foreign languages department of grammar of the English language

1.2. The problems of the verbalizers of the concept and their field nature
in Соgnitive Linguistics

Our research work is devoted to comparative analysis of the one of the aspects of the study in cognitive linguistics - concept. First of all in our research we want to talk about the cognitive linguistics.

Cognitive Linguistics is a new approach to the study of language which views linguistic duty as part of general cognition and thinking; linguistic behavior is not separated from other general cognitive abilities which allow mental processes of reasoning, memory, attention or learning, but understood as an integral part of it. The study of concept is the main task of cognitive linguistics. [21.56]
In this chapter, our aim is to give general information about the “concept” in cognitive linguistics. The theory of the “concept” is comparatively new in linguistics and its history goes back to 1970 s of the last century. The most valuable investigations about relation of language and mind have been done in that time. As it is widely known “The Concept - is the meaning of the word." “Words - the acquisition, storage and reproduction of information on environmental activities. With words, we describe the world, or rather trying to convey what we think about the world. Language reflects the general view of all its speakers about how the world works. And these ideas are just one of the possible pictures of the world, and in different languages, they must differ - sometimes greatly, sometimes subtly, depending on how the same culture, customs and traditions of different peoples. Each language reflects his own view of the world. But this does not prevent people from understanding each other.” [36.13]
We’ll try to give different definitions of the concept, presented by the researchers. According to Alexeev Concept is "A general idea of a concept is derived or inferred from specific instances or occurrences." [28.77]
"It is something formed in the mind; a thought or notion." [24.39]
"Concept is a scheme or a plan" [23.16]
For the first time in science, the term concept was employed by С. А. Alexeev in 1928. Scientists have identified a concept as a mental entity which stands in an indefinite number of objects of thought, action, cognitive functions of the same genus (plant concepts, justice, and mathematical concepts). [33.45]
D.S. Lihachev around the same time used the term to refer to a generalized concept of unity of thought, which reflects and interprets the phenomena of reality, depending on education, personal experience, professional and social experience of a native speaker and, as a kind of generalization of the various meanings of the word in the individual minds of speakers lets you communicate between them to overcome the existing individual differences in the understanding of words. Conceived by D.S. Lihachev does not arise from the meanings of words, as a result of the collision assimilated the values ​​of personal life experience of the speaker Conceived in this scene, the D.S. Lihachev. Performs the function of substitution in language comunication¹.
S.Kubryakova offers a definition of concept "Concept - Operational unit of memory, mental lexicon, conceptual framework and language of the brain, the whole world picture, the quantum of duty. The most important concepts are expressed in the language” Concise Dictionary of cognitive terms” [22.65]
V.I.Karasik characterizes concepts as "mental entities that are stored in the memory of a man conscious typed significant fragments of experience"². “Multidimensional mental education, which is allocated in the image perceptual, conceptual and value of, fragment of life experience,” experienced by the information”, “experienced by the a quantum of duty”. C.G.Vorkachev defines the concept as "an operating unit of thought"³ "a unit of collective duty (go to the higher spiritual entities) whose linguistic expression and a marked ethnic and cultural characteristics". If the mental education is not ethno-cultural specificity, it is the option of the scientist, the concepts are not applicable. 
M.V.Pimenova said: "What a person knows, believes, and is about the objects of the outer and inner world is what is called a concept. Concept is – a picture of a fragment of the world. [19.77]
According to Karasik “The concept is sort of becoming a dynamic and continuous set of subjective perceptions of reality, has taken on the integrity of the language in contact with the force in the cultural context of a meaning system realization, understanding and interpretation of these representations.”⁴
But if we refer to the dictionaries, we can see some etymological characteristics of this term as well. So the encyclopedias define the concept as followings: Concept - (from Lat. Conceptus - the idea - the concept), 1) meaning of the name (sign), the concept of a volume is an object (denotation) of the name (Sample, meaning of the name of the Moon - is a natural satellite of the Earth) .2) The work of conceptual art. There is another definition of the concept founded in logical vocabulary
Concept - (from Lat. Conceptus - term) - the concept, the same thing and meaning. In the semantic concept of R. Carnap between linguistic expressions and their corresponding denotations, are real objects. [19.32]
As it was seen from above mentioned it is recognized that concept plays one of the significant roles in cognitive linguistics. However, despite the fact that the notion of a concept can be regarded as firmly established in modern cognitive science, the content of concept is very much varied in the concepts of different scientific schools, and individual scientists.
The fact that the concept - the category of the thinking, unobserved, and it gives plenty of room for its interpretation. Category concept appears today in the studies of philosophy, logic, psychology, culture, and it bears the traces of all these extra linguistic interpretations. [21.88]
In modern cognitive linguistics- core concept is a term which increasingly used by researchers concerned with language presentation cognitions. In the most general form of the concept, according to Yu. Stepanova, one can imagine, on the one hand, as "a bunch of culture in the mind of man: that in a culture which is part of the mental world of man, and, on the other hand, the concept - is that by which man himself is part of the culture”. "Study concept sphere of language (a term proposed by Lihachev) allows you to identify the features of the mental world of a particular ethnic group, see, metaphorically, the specifics of the flight path of human thought, so knowing the culture of the people at different stages of its formation.” [19.13]
In the recent times concept becomes a subject of vital attention of linguists, which was defined as mental images behind the linguistic signs. The notion of a concept that come from cognitive science, it was important and necessary to study the language and forms the basis of cognitive linguistics. All human cognitive activity (cognition) can be regarded as a developmental skill to navigate the world, and this activity is associated with the need to identify and distinguish between objects, concepts arise to ensure the operations of this kind. To highlight the concept of necessary and perceptual underlining some features of the subject and the objects and their ultimate goals, and evaluation of such actions and the like, but knowing the role of all these factors, cognitive science still cannot yet answer the question of whether both concepts arise, except as indicated in the formation of meaning in the most general form. [20.21]
It is believed that better access to the description and definition of the concept of nature provides a language. While some scientists believe that the simplest of concepts to be considered the concepts presented in a word, but as more complex - the ones that are presented in phrases and sentences.
Finally, a certain compromise view is shared by those scientists who believe that information is part of the conceptual language "binding", i.e. ways of linguistic expression, but some of this information appears in the mind of a fundamentally different way, i.e. mental representations of different types - images, pictures, diagrams, etc. For example, we know the difference between a tree and pine, not because we can present them as a set of different characters, or as a different conceptual unification, but rather because it is easy to visually distinguish between the concepts and that these trees are mainly figurative. [22.11]
For the formation of a conceptual system, we must assume the existence of some initial or primary concepts, which are then developed all the others: the concepts of meaning as interpreters at all times amenable to further refinement and modification. Concepts represent an unparsed entity only at the beginning of its appearance, but then find themselves part of the system are influenced by other concepts themselves are modified. Take, for example, such a sign, like "red", which on the one hand, it is interpreted as a sign of color, while the other, split up by pointing to its intensity (see red, purple, red, dark red, etc.) and enriched with other characteristics. And indeed the ability to interpret different concepts in different ways suggests that the number of concepts and scope of the content of many concepts continually subject to change.
The subject search in cognitive semantics is often the most significant for the construction of the entire conceptual system concepts: those who organize the very conceptual space and act as the main headings of his division. Now if I share the view of R. Dzhekendoff the fact that the main constituents of the conceptual system are the concepts that are close "semantic parts of speech" - the concept of the object and its parts, movement, action, place or space, time, character, etc. [22.34]
The notion of a concept widely used in the description of semantics, because the values ​​expressed by linguistic expressions are equal in their concepts or conceptual structures: a view of things is the hallmark of the cognitive approach in general.
The term “concept” is widely used in various fields of linguistics. To call something a concept means to pose the problem: to reconstruct the meaning of something for a particular spiritual culture. Considering, for example, the question of the concepts of duty, beauty, truth, friendship, etc., one try to reconstruct that essence, which in usage is behind the words duty, beauty, truth, friendship, etc. Exploring concepts that are implemented in the texts in a definite language, we can identify the concepts prevailing in this usage, combine them into a group of “concepts”, which are attributed to the status of the most immediate and adequate implementation of the concepts. The concept “duty” is among the most important landmarks of human behavior, is the leading scientific concept of aesthetics (as “excellence”). Comparing the characteristics of this concept in various cultures would represent more clearly the system of value priorities of different language communities. [23.22]
Study of the concept of duty involved and engaged in many domestic and foreign linguists. But so far in the linguistic sense of metaphor, there is disagreement among scientists. Efforts of modern linguists, in particular Cherkasova E.T., Serebrennikov B.A., Kubryakova E.S. identified linguistic concepts and processes, causing the appearance and functioning of metaphor in the speech. These include: the basic meaning of the word, a common semantic element, the lexical-semantic context of words, which is not logically relevant to actual relationships of objects and phenomena of reality, a certain semantic type of speech, grammatical categories of animated - inanimated nouns.
We referred to some dictionaries and find out the definition of duty. So, according to Oxford Dictionary duty is [44: 415]:

• 
  Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject.
  

‘a thirst for duty’
‘her considerable duty of antiques’
According to Collins English Dictionary metaphor is [44: 500]: