Alphabet Aa [ei] Nn [en] Bb [bi:] Oo [ou] Cc [si:] Pp [pi:] Dd [di:] Qq [qju:] Ee [i:] Rr [a:] Ff [ef] Ss [es] Gg [ji] Tt [ti:] Hh [eich] Uu [ju:] II [ai] VV [vi:] Jj [jei] Ww [d blju

Mustn`t + perfective mavjud emas.

M-n: Jack must have broken the telephone as it is out of order. Jek telefonni sindirgan bo`lsa kerak, chunki u ishdan chiqqan.

g) must gapiruvchining shaxsiy tuyg`ularini hisobga olganda ishlatiladi.

M-n: I must study hard. Men qattiq ishlashim kerak.

h) Have to tashqi tasir ostida qonun qoidalardan kelib chiqqan holdagi majburiyatni ifodalaydi.

M-n: I have to pay a fine as I have broken the traffic rules. Men jarima to`lashim kerak, chunki yo`l qoidasini buzdim.

Have to - modal fe`li bilan so`roq va inkor gap yasash uchun biz har doim zamon yordamchi fe`llaridan foydalanamiz.

M-n: Do you have to pay a fine? Siz jarima to`lashingiz kerakmi? Yes I do. No, I don`t.

Must va Have to modal fe`llarinig inkor gapdagi farqi:

Must not do do not have to do

Qilmasligi shart qilishi shartmas

M-n: You must not be late for the lesson. You don`t have to pay a fine.

Sen darsga kech qolmasliging shart. Sen jarima to`lashing shartmas.

Have to – modal fe`li o`rniga og`zaki nutqda have got to ishlatilatilishi ham mumkin. Lekin asosan Have to ishlatiladi:

M-n: I have got to work tomorrow. Men ertaga ishlashim kerak.

Have got to qatnashgan gapda so`roq va inkor gap yasash uchun have ni egadan oldinga chiqaramiz yoki have dan keyin not inkor yuklamasini ishlatamiz.

M-n: Have You got to work tomorrow? Yes, I have. No, I have not.

You have not got to work tomorrow.

Must modal fe`li bilan so`roq gap yasalgan bo`lsa, va unga yo`q deb javob bermoqchi bo`lsak need not (needn`t) fe`lidan foydalanamiz.

M-n: Must He come to lesson every day? No he needn`t.

Yes, he must.
May modal fe`li

1. Ruxsatni – ijozatni ifodalaydi.

M-n: You may watch the film on TV. Sen TVda filmni tamosha qilishing mumkin.

You may ring me, if you need help. Sen menga qo`ng`iroq qilishing mumkin, agar yordam kerak bo`lsa.

Bu ma`noda may hozirgi zamonni, might o`tgan zamonni (asosan, qo`shma gaplarning ergash gap qismida) bildiradi.

He said that I might take the dictionary till the next day.