Alphabet Aa [ei] Nn [en] Bb [bi:] Oo [ou] Cc [si:] Pp [pi:] Dd [di:] Qq [qju:] Ee [i:] Rr [a:] Ff [ef] Ss [es] Gg [ji] Tt [ti:] Hh [eich] Uu [ju:] II [ai] VV [vi:] Jj [jei] Ww [d blju

Ega+wish +(that)+Ega+past perfect+v(IIIsh yoki ed;d;)+2.d.b.

…ega+would,should+have+v(IIIsh. Yoki ed;d)

M-n: I wish I had have finished my work on time yesterday. I would have played football with my friends.

Izoh: Noreal maylda to be fe`li barcha shaxsdagi egalar uchun were shaklda ishlatiladi.

M-n: I wish he were a clever man. Qaniydi u normolni shaxs bo`lganda edi.

Modal verbs.

Modal fe`llar

Modal fe`l – yordamchi fe`l hisoblanadi va hamisha o`zidan keyin asosiy fe`l turishini talab qiladi. Modal fe`lning vazifasi o`zidan keyin turgan asosiy fe`l ma`nosiga turli xil ma`nolar yuklashdir. Ingliz tilida quyidagi modal fe`llar mavjud:

Can modal fe`li

Ma`nolari:

a) modal fe`li aqliy va jismoniy qobiliyatni ifodalaydi va shu ish-harakatni qila olishini ifodalaydi.

M-n: I can read a book. Men kitob o`qiy olaman.

He can read two books every day. U har kuni ikkita kitob o`qiy oladi.

b) so`roq gap: Can he read two books every day? Yes,he can. No, he can`t

Inkor gap yasash: Ega + can not (can`t) + V1 + …

He can`t read two books a day.

*Bundan tashqari inkor gaplarda ishochsizlikni ifodalaydi.

M-n: It can`t rain today. Bugun yomg`ir yog`ishi mumkin emas.

c) ruxsat ijozat so`raganimizda yoki ruxsat berganimizda ishlatiladi:

M-n: You can use my phone. Sen mening telefonimdan foydalanishing mumkin.

Can I go out with my friends?

d) can modal fe`lining hozirgi, o`tgan va kelasi zamonlar uchun ekvivalenti (sinonimi) mavjud. Bu – to be able to. I have been able to write 3 essays today.

e) can modal fe`lining yana bir ekvivalenti could dir. Bu modal fe`l faqat o`tgan zamon uchun ishlatiladi.

M-n: He could run a mile last year. U o`tgan yili bir mil yugura olardi.

Izoh: To be able to o`tgan zomanda were\was able to tarzida ishlatiladi. Lekin could dan farq qiladi.

Could – o`tgan zamonda biror ishni qilishga qobiliyati bor bo`lganligini ifodalaydi.

M-n: He could read a book when he was five.