Alphabet Aa [ei] Nn [en] Bb [bi:] Oo [ou] Cc [si:] Pp [pi:] Dd [di:] Qq [qju:] Ee [i:] Rr [a:] Ff [ef] Ss [es] Gg [ji] Tt [ti:] Hh [eich] Uu [ju:] II [ai] VV [vi:] Jj [jei] Ww [d blju

Izoh: Agar gapda always ravishi qatnashsa gap faqat Present perfect tense da ishlatiladi, present perfect continuous tenseda emas.

M-n: Jack has always lived in Briston.

Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamonda so`roq gap yasash.

Have (has)+ ega +been +fe`l1+ing +ikkinchi darajali bo`laklar?

M-n: Have The children been playing since morning? Yes, they have. No, they have not. (yo`q).

Bolala ertalabdan buyon o`ynayapdilarmi? Ha.

Hozirgi tugallangan davomli zamonda inkor gap yasash.

Ega + have(has)+ not + been + fe`l1 + ing+ikkinchi darajali bo`laklar.

M-n: I have not been writing the essay since morning. Men ertalabdan buyon insho yozayotganim yo`q.

Since va for qatnashgan gaplarda asosan present perfect tense dan foydalaniladi.
There is\ there are Konstruksiyasi

Bu konstruksiya “bor, mavjud” degan tarjimani beradi va narsa yoki shaxsni biron joyda borligini aytmoqchiligimizda ishlatiladi. Bu konstruksiya gap boshida ishlatiladi va o`zidan keyin turgan eganing birlik yoki ko`pligiga mos ravishda is yoki are ishlatiladi, agar bir nechta ega qatnashgan bo`lsa, birinchi egaga mos ravishda birlik yoki ko`plik tanlanadi.

M-n: There is a cap on the table. Sto`l ustida shlyapa bor.

There is a cap, two pens and three books on the table.

There are two cups, a pen and a book on the table.