|
Conclusion
1. Analysis of the works of leading experts in the field of translation
studies allowed us to derive the following provisions, which formed the
basis of this study:
a. simultaneous translation is oral translation, which is performed by
the interpreter in parallel with a speech message in the source language;
b. the need for simultaneous translation arose with the advent and
establishing the work of international organizations;
c. Simultaneous translation is characterized by a high level of
cognitive load, defined as a measure of the ability to perform any mental
task in a system that is limited by its nature;
d. There are two schemes for organizing simultaneous translation -
directly and through the axial cab.
2. Simultaneous translation originated in 1925, when E. Filein
submitted the idea of a joint venture to the secretariat of the League of
Nations for consideration. In 1926, special equipment was developed, but
in the 20 years since its inception, the joint venture has been used only a
few times in the USSR and the League of Nations. The formation of
simultaneous translation took place in the 40s of the 20th century: ST was
the main type of translation at the Nuremberg Trials in 1945–1946; in the
United Nations, it began to be used starting in 1947. After the official
consolidation of the ST as the main type of translation in the UN, it began
to gain more and more importance at international events.
3. The terminological apparatus of our study included the following
concepts: simultaneous translation, reception, strategy, translation action,
simultaneous
consecutive
translation,
psychophysiological
load,
cognitive load. In the process of analysis, we have selected definitions for
them that are most relevant to the objectives of our study.
4. Due to the lack of definitions of simultaneous consecutive
translation (simconsec) in the scientific literature, we considered it
possible to offer our own definition: this is a kind of interpretation that
proceeds as consecutive translation at all stages, except for the stage of
translation playback, in which the interpreter listens to an audio recording
source text and at the same time pronounces the finished translation,
relying on this audio recording for a more complete transfer of
information.
5. The primary types of ST include simultaneous translation proper,
whispering and translation of video materials without relying on text.
Synchronization of video text, translation from a sheet and simultaneous
reading of a previously translated text are classified as secondary types of
translation, where listening comprehension is supplemented by visual
information in the form of text, which leads to the loss of an important
feature of simultaneous translation - linearity of perception. We believe
that simconsec is not part of the simultaneous interpreting system, since
ST occurs only at the stage of text reproduction, as a way to minimize
losses during consecutive interpreting.
6. We came to the conclusion that the main principles of training
simultaneous interpreters are: developing the reliability of auditory
perception, developing the ability to probabilistic forecasting, training
memory, attention stability, quick ability to cope with translation tasks,
mastering the techniques and strategies of ST.
7. Currently, there are two main types of equipment for simultaneous
interpretation: booths for ST and the radio guide system. They correspond
to the different conditions and needs of this type of interpreting, such as
interpreting indoors or outdoors, the need for a simultaneous interpreter
to move around, the number of foreign guests and working languages.
8. We found out that there are certain rules for the work of
simultaneous interpreters: the work of one simultaneous interpreter is not
longer than 30 minutes, the number of interpreters in the ST booth is at
least one and no more than four, speech is broadcast directly to the ST
booth. There are two schemes for organizing simultaneous interpretation
- direct translation into the native language and translation from the host
language into the booth language and vice versa.
9. We came to the conclusion that the psychophysiological load of a
simultaneous interpreter is influenced by the following factors:
temperature and air quality in the cabin; soundproofing and sound quality;
temporary restrictions; relationship with the customer; relationship with a
cockpit colleague; degree of language proficiency; depth of knowledge of
the topic of translation; features of the speaker's speech (accent, illegible,
incoherent speech).
10. Based on the study by K. Eltsov about psychophysiological
stress, we believe that simultaneous translation alone for more than 30
minutes, but not longer than 1.5 hours is possible without damage to the
physical and mental state of a person under such conditions as:
simultaneous translation experience, good physical and mental health,
adequate assessment of one’s strengths .
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |
