Alisher navoi tashkent state university of uzbek language and literature department: english language

3.2 Technical equipment for simultaneous translation and rules 
work of simultaneous interpreters 
The purpose of this section is to describe how the organization of 
events using simultaneous translation has changed in the 20th and 21st 
centuries, what modifications have been made to the equipment for the 
joint venture. 
The organization of the joint venture at the Nuremberg trials in 1945 
had not yet been established, and therefore the translators faced a number 
of problems. 
The first difficulty was the unfamiliarity of the translation conditions 
for the translator and the speaker. Translator Siegfried Ramler mentions a 
system of signal signs invented by simultaneous interpreters, where 
orange meant that the speaker was talking too fast. Then the judge warned 
the speaker to slow down the pace of speech. The red light was for 
emergencies, such as equipment failure. 

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The second difficulty was the translation of documents of particular 
importance. Speakers and organizers often did not think about the need 
for interpreters to be provided with all the key documents of the event. 
Even the slightest inaccuracies in the translation of such documents could 
significantly affect the outcome of the event. Accordingly, it was the 
interpreters who had to ask for the necessary material and explain to the 
speakers the importance of supplying simultaneous interpreters with the 
texts of speeches, resolutions, etc. 
The technical equipment at the initial stage of the development of 
the joint venture was also imperfect. 1945 “a portable microphone was 
installed on the booth table, which was taken over by one of the 
interpreters, depending on what language the speaker spoke in” [Hoffman, 
1963, p. 21]. The first cabins were completely enclosed. Later, cabins with 
built-in screens appeared, and after some more time - with a glass panel. 
Modern booths are soundproofed and the number of pieces of 
equipment corresponds to the number of interpreters. The synchronizer 
has headphones and a microphone. Headphones also provide sound 
isolation, however, practice shows that many simultaneous interpreters 
work in one earphone in order to monitor their speech. The booths of the 
joint venture are equipped with monitors, where additional materials are 
broadcast. All recipients have headphones. 
Certain rules have been formed for translators and customers. For 
example, the memo to the customer of the National League of Translators 
says: “Such an organization of simultaneous translation is not allowed, 
when the speech of geographically remote participants is broadcast over 
the loudspeaker into the hall, then it is perceived by the microphone 
installed in it and transmitted to the booth of interpreters” [National 
League of Translators…]. There is also a time regulation - 15-30 minutes 
of work with rest breaks between shifts. 
Traditionally, interpreters work with two or three people if the ST 
lasts more than an hour. The scheme is as follows: the first simultaneous 
interpreter translates, the second one writes down the precise vocabulary, 
i.e. proper names, numerical data, dates, and helps with the translation of 

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lexical items that are of particular difficulty. The third translator is resting 
at this time. Then they replace each other. 
There are two schemes for organizing a joint venture. Under the 
direct interpreting scheme, which is used at UN meetings, the number of 
booths is determined by the number of working languages, in each booth 
interpreters translate into their native language. With the translation 
scheme through the leading language, one of the languages is declared the 
leading one, and there is no corresponding booth. The interpreters of each 
booth interpret from the host language to the booth language and from the 
booth language to the host language. There may be a variant when one 
booth is assigned as “axial”, and its translation into the leading language 
is translated by the rest of the booths into their languages. 
If in the last century the joint venture was an innovation, and 
organizing an event with a joint venture and the event itself created 
difficulties for everyone - customers, interpreters, speakers and listeners, 
now everything is fine-tuned and you can find simultaneous interpreters 
and equipment in a very short time. 
Now you can not only rent equipment for a joint venture, but also 
order a complete organization of the joint venture - installation and 
commissioning of simultaneous translation systems, sound amplification 
equipment, round table conference systems, video projection systems, 
multimedia equipment, sound and video recording systems, etc. d. 
[Sintegrus, equipment,]. Philips, as well as Bosh and Brähler, which were 
present at the 2014 Olympics in Sochi, can be considered the most 
common brands of equipment for the joint venture. I.V. Zubanova notes 
that despite the same functions, the design of the remotes is completely 
different. Therefore, before starting work, the translator should find out 
the following: how the microphone is turned on and off; location of the 
“mute” button on the remote control; how to adjust the volume in the 
headphones; how to switch the microphone from one translator to another; 
how and by whom the channel is switched from language to language; 
how to switch from speaker to other booths. [Zubanova, 2011, p. 37]. 
What interpreter booth manufacturers sometimes miss is the ease of 
use of the control panel. For example, touch buttons can stick, and the 

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“mute” button can be forgotten to turn off if it requires additional pressing. 
Switching channels should also be as quick and easy as possible. 
Sometimes preference is given to the "radio guide" system, 
originally intended for excursions. The interpreter has a transmitter, 
microphone and headphones, while the speaker has a microphone. Such a 
system is easy to transport, because. fits in the trunk of a car and weighs 
about 30 kg, easy to put into operation. These systems have many 
channels for different language combinations. We can say that the radio 
guide equipment protects against listening by third parties, since the 
receiver is tuned to a specific channel, which makes it difficult to intercept 
the signal. The recipients of the translation have the opportunity to go into 
the next room and continue listening to the translation - unlike the infrared 
signal, the radio signal passes through the walls. Wi-fi and Bluetooth do 
not affect the radio guide. 
The radio guide system can be used when the speaker and the 
audience speak the same language, but there are foreign guests among the 
listeners. It turns out a kind of whispering for several clients at once, who 
can sit at different ends of the hall. For the same purpose, there is 
“whispering” equipment, where the interpreter may not have headphones, 
but there is an ultra-sensitive lavalier or head microphone [Sheptalo, 
mobile synchronous]. 
Booths for interpreters can be different in size, in degree of 
closeness, in materials from which they are made, in type (desktop booth 
"cap" or floor), according to assembly technology, which ultimately 
affects their cost. Simultaneous interpreters say that not only the air 
quality and the degree of sound insulation are important - the space for 
placing auxiliary materials plays a very important role, because often a 
laptop and printed materials are simply indispensable in work. 
It can be concluded that the working conditions of simultaneous 
interpreters have repeatedly undergone changes not only in terms of 
equipment, but also in terms of the organization of the process itself. 
Simultaneous translation has always been regarded as an activity that 
requires a lot of effort, so even when there were no officially fixed rules, 
interpreters translated no longer than 30 minutes, with rare exceptions. 

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Taking into account the above information, it can be said that at first 
the organization of a joint venture was a difficult task, but now equipment 
developers, organizers and synchronizers themselves are successfully 
coping with it. There is a large selection of equipment for simultaneous 
translation of various prices and quality on the market, which is not only 
convenient, but at the same time difficult - an interpreter needs to be able 
to quickly understand the operation of new equipment and adapt to 
management. When organizing a joint venture, it is desirable to exchange 
opinions between the customer and the translator, since the working 
conditions have a significant impact on the quality of the translation.