«MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES AND TRENDS»
SCIENCECENTRUM.PL
ISSUE 5(39) PART 1
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13.
Hotărârea Plenului Curții Supreme de Justiție a Republicii Moldova nr. 5 din 24.12.2010
privind practica judiciară în cauzele referitoare la contrabandă, eschivarea de la achitarea
plă
ţ
ilor vamale şi contraven
ţ
iile vamale. Disponibil:
http://jurisprudenta.csj.md/search_hot_expl.php?id=316
14.
Codul fiscal. În: Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, 1997, nr. 62.
«MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES AND TRENDS»
SCIENCECENTRUM.PL
ISSUE 4(38) PART 1
ISBN 978-83-949403-3-1
73
SECTION: TECHNICAL SCIENCE.
TRANSPORT
Berdiyeva D.
Jizzax Polytechnic Institute
(Jizzax, Uzbekistan)
SOIL POLLUTION BY HEAVY METALS THROUGH THE ATMOSPHERE
Annotation.
Pollutants are substances of anthropogenic origin that enter the
environment in quantities exceeding the natural level of their intake. Soil pollution is a type of
anthropogenic degradation, in which the content of chemicals in anthropogenic soils exceeds
the natural regional background level. Excess of the content of certain chemicals in the human
environment (in comparison with natural levels) due to their intake from anthropogenic
sources is an environmental hazard.
Keywords:
soil, heavy metals, chemical pollution, atmosphere, production, toxic
effects, harmfulness, environment, agriculture, emissions.
The atmosphere has a significant impact on the composition of various elements in the
soil. It has long been known that in maritime climates, elements are found in soils where the
atmosphere is carried by sea water, such as iodine. Through pipes of atmospheric chemical,
heavy and nuclear industries. In addition, their effect extends to tens of kilometers from the
source of the entry of elements into the atmosphere.
Heavy metals (other than mercury) are emitted into the atmosphere mainly in the form
of aerosols, which play a very important role in chemical air pollution. Precipitation falling on
the soil surface can contain lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, chromium, nickel, zinc and other
elements. For example, in Belgium, g / ha is emitted annually from the atmosphere into the soil:
lead - 250; cadmium - 19; arsenic - 15; cobalt - 54; zinc - 3750. The set of metals and their
composition in aerosols is determined by the specialization of industrial and energy enterprises.
The main sources of air pollution associated with human activities are thermal and
other power plants (27%), ferrous metallurgy (24.3%), oil production and processing (15.5%),
transport (13.1%). metallurgical enterprises (10.5%), as well as enterprises for the extraction
and production of building materials (8.1%). Thus, enterprises of heavy industry and non-
ferrous metallurgy can pollute the air with compounds of copper, zinc, manganese, lead, cobalt
and other metals. MPCs for these pollutants in the air of residential and industrial facilities are
given in the table.
When coal, oil and shale are burned along with smoke, the atmosphere contains the
elements present in this type of fuel. Consequently, according to D. J. Lisk (1972), coal contains
series, chromium, lead, mercury, silver, tin, titanium, as well as uranium, radium and other
metals. Oil can contain significant amounts of mercury (0.02-30 mg / kg). Naturally, when coal
and shale are burned, metals remain mainly in the ash, with the exception of easily sublimated
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