«MODERN SCIENTIFIC CHALLENGES AND TRENDS»
SCIENCECENTRUM.PL
ISSUE 5(39) PART 1
ISBN 978-83-949403-3-1
74
mercury. However, some suspended particles and vaporized metals are carried by hot air
through chimneys to the atmosphere, and depending on the size of the particles, pollution is
located at different distances from the source on the soil surface.
MPC for heavy metals and arsenic in the air of settlements
and industrial zones*, mg/m
3
Populated places
Industry
indolent
Class
dangers **
Element (substance)
Maximum
one-time
Medium
Daily
playgrounds,
maximally
one-time
Vanadium (pentoxide)
_
0,002
0,03
1
Cobalt metallic
—
0,001
0,17
1
Manganese and its compounds (in terms of MnOх)
0,01
0,1
2
Copper (oxide)
—
0,002
—
2
Arsenic (inorganic compounds, excluding H.sAs, calculated as As)
0,003
_
2
Nickel (oxide)
0,001
0,17
2
Metallic mercury
—
0,0003
0,003
1
Lead and its compounds, except for tetraethyl lead
(in terms of Pb)
_
0,0003
0,003
1
Sulphurous lead
—
0,0017
—
1
Hexavalent chromium (in terms of CrOs)
0,0015
0,0015
1
Zinc (oxide)
—
0,05
2
3
* MPC approved by the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the USSR No. 1892-78 dated 01.08.1978. The
information is given in the list attached to GOST 12.1.0005-76 for industrial sites.
** Hazardous chemicals are divided into four hazard classes: 1 - extremely hazardous; 2 - very
dangerous; 3 - moderately dangerous; 4 - less dangerous.
Thus, from 10 to 30% of atmospheric emissions are emitted by metals at a distance of
10 km or more from an industrial enterprise. However, there is a combined infection of plants,
which consists in the deposition of aerosols and dust directly on the surface of the leaves and
assimilation by the roots of heavy metals that have accumulated in the soil for a long period of
time. According to G.A. Garmash (1985), the bulk of heavy metals (more than 95%) enters the
soil from enterprises of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy in the form of industrial dust.
Water-soluble metal compounds in it make up one tenth of a percent, and if less, then
their content reaches several percent. In addition, it was noted that the amount of water-
soluble compounds of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium in the waste of zinc-smelting production
is several times higher than in the waste of ferrous metallurgy enterprises (table 4)
The most significant environmental pollution is caused by powerful thermal power
plants. For example, according to the project, emissions from TPPs of the Kansk-Achinsk fuel
and energy complex may contain up to 3-3.6-102 tons of microelements per year (Israel Yu.A.
et al., 1981).
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