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And you could find highly-placed Jewish commanders not only at BelBaltlag.
Construction of the Kotlas-Vorkuta railroad was headed by Moroz (his son married Svetlana
Stalina); the special officer-in-charge of GULAG in the Far East was Grach. These are only a
few of the names, which resurfaced accidentally. If former inmate Thomas Sgovio, an American
national, didn’t write to me, I wouldn’t be aware of the head of the Chai-Uryinsk Mining
Administration on Kolyma between 1943-44 (at the depths of the Patriotic War): “Half-colonel
Arm was a tall black-haired Jew with a terrible reputation… His orderly was selling ethanol to
everybody, 50 grams for 50 rubles. Arm had his own personal tutor of English, a young
American, arrested in Karelia. His wife was paid a salary for an accountant’s position, but she
didn’t work. Hher job was actually performed by an inmate in the office.” (A common practice
revealing how families of GULAG commanders used to acquire additional incomes.)
Or take another case: during the age of
glasnost, one Soviet newspaper published a story
about the dreadful GULAG administration that built a tunnel between Sakhalin and the
mainland. It was called the Trust of Arais. Who was that comrade Arais? I have no idea. But how
many perished in his mines and in the unfinished tunnel?
Sure, I knew a number of Jews (they were my friends) who carried all the hardships of
common labor. In
Archipelago, I described a young man, Boris Gammerov, who quickly found
his death in the camp. (While his friend, the writer Ingal, was made an accountant from the very
first day in the camp, although his knowledge of arithmetic was very poor.) I knew Volodya
Gershuni, an irreconcilable and incorruptible man. I knew Jog Masamed, who did common labor
in the hard labor camp at Ekibastuz
on principle, though he was called upon to join the
Idiots.
Besides, I would like to list here a teacher Tatyana Moiseevna Falike, who spent 10 years
drudging, she said, like a beast of burden. And I also would like to name here a geneticist
Vladimir Efroimson, who spent 13 out of his 36 months of imprisonment (one out of his two
terms) doing common labor. He also did it on principle, though he also had better options.
Relying on parcels from home (one cannot blame him for that), he picked the hand-barrow
precisely because there were many Jews from Moscow in that Jezkazgan camp, and they were
used to settling well, while Efroimson wanted to dispel any grudge toward Jews, which was
naturally emerging among inmates. And what did his brigade think about his behavior? “He is a
black sheep among Jews; would a real Jew roll a barrow?” He was similarly ridiculed by Jewish
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